Section 2 study Flashcards
DECREASE IN CELL SIZE DUE TO LOSS OF SUB-CELLULAR COMPONENTS, WHICH LEADS TO A DECREASE IN THE SIZE OF THE TISSUE OR ORGAN.
ATROPHY
INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF THE CELLS DUE TO THE SYNTHESIS OF MORE SUB-CELLULAR COMPONENTS, WHICH IN TURN LEADS TO AN INCREASE IN TISSUE AND ORGAN SIZE
HYPERTROPHY
AN INCREASE IN THE ACTUAL NUMBER OF CELLS IN AN ORGAN OR TISSUE, USUALLY RESULTING IN AN INCREASE IN THE SIZE OF AN ORGAN OR TISSUE.
HYPERPLASIA
AN ALTERATION IN THE SIZE, SHAPE, AND ORGANIZATION OF CELLS.
DYSPLASIA
THE REVERSIBLE CELLULAR ADAPTATION IN WHICH ONE ADULT CELL TYPE IS REPLACED BY ANOTHER ADULT CELL TYPE.
METAPLASIA
A TENDENCY TO CONTANCY OR STABILITY IN THE BODY’S INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT; PROCESSES THAT BALANCE THE SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF THE BODY’S NEED.
HOMEOSTASIS
LACTATED RINGER SOLUTION
USED IN THE FIELD FOR PATIENTS WHO HAVE SIGNIFICANT BLOOD LOSS. IT CONTAINS LACTATE, WHICH IS METABOLIZED IN THE LIVER TO FORM BICARBONATE - THE KEY BUFFER THAT COMBATS THE INTRACELLULAR ACIDOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE BLOOD LOSS.
WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF SEVERE PROLONGED STRESS?
MAY CAUSE THE BODY TO LOSE ITS ABILITY TO FIGHT DISEASE.
DEFINE AND DESCRIBE DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK.
OCCURS WHEN THERE IS WIDESPREAD DILATION OF THE RESISTANCE VESSELS, THE CAPACITANCE VESSELS, OR BOTH. CIRCULATING BLOOD VOLUME THEN POOLS IN THE EXPANDED VASCULAR BEDS, AND TISSUE PERFUSION DECREASES. THREE MOST COMMON TYPES: ANAPHYLACTIC, SEPTIC, AND NEUROGENIC SHOCK.
WHAT IS THE MOST PREVALENT CATION IN THE EXTRACELLULAR FLUID?
SODIUM
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TYPE 1 AND TYPE 2 DIABETES?
- TYPE 1 - INSULIN-DEPENDENT - NOT CURABLE
- TYPE 2 - NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT - MANAGED WITH WEIGHT LOSS, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND MEDICATIONS.
HOW DO ASPIRIN AND NSAIDS REDUCE INFLAMMATION AND PAIN?
THEY INHIBIT PROSTAGLANDIN SYNTHESIS.
ASCITES
ACCUMULATION OF FLUID IN THE PERITONEAL CAVITY.
THE PURPOSE OF MAGNESIUM AND WHERE IS IT STORED?
COENZYME IN THE METABOLISM OF PROTEINS AND CARBOHYDRATES, CONTROLS NEUROMUSCULAR IRRITABILITY. STORAGE: 50% BONES, 49% CELLS, 1% EXTRACELLULAR FLUID.
ALZHEIMER EARLY STAGE NOTICEABLE CHANGES:
MEMORY LOSS, LACK OF SPONTANEITY, SUBTLE PERSONALITY CHANGES, AND DISORIENTATION TO PLACE AND TIME.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN BASOPHILS AND MAST CELLS.
BASOPHILS IN THE BLOODSTREAM. MAST CELLS IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
INDICATIONS OF DECOMPENSATED SHOCK
- ALTERED MENTAL STATUS
- HYPOTENSION
- LABORED OR IRREGULAR BREATHING
- THREADY OR ABSENT PERIPHERAL PULSES
- ASHEN, MOTTLED, OR CYANOTIC SKIN
- DILATED PUPILS
- DIMINISHED URINE OUTPUT (OLIGURIA)
- IMPENDING CARDIAC ARREST
CARDIOGENIC SHOCK CAN OCCUR FROM NUMEROUS CAUSES, WHICH IS THE MOST COMMON?
MYOCARDIAL INFARCT, SINGLE EVENT OR CUMULATIVE.
INFLAMMATION IS NORMALLY CAUSED BY WHAT CONDITIONS?
PRESENCE OF CELLULAR INJURY, INCLUDING TRAUMA, INFECTION, AND HYPOXIA
DURING AN IMMUNE RESPONSE, WHAT IS THE CHIEF WHITE BLOOD CELL?
LYMPHOCYTES
SYNCOPE CAN BE A SYMPTOM OF A MORE SERIOUS PROBLEM. WHEN MIGHT SYNCOPE NOT INDICATE A SERIOUS PROBLEM?
ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, VAGAL VASAL.
WHERE IS NON-STRIATED MUSCLE LOCATED, AND WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR IT?
VESSELS, GLANDS, AND GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, SMOOTH MUSCLE
WHICH FLUIDS ARE CONSIDERED OR ARE CLASSIFIED AS INTERSTITIAL?
FLUID OUTSIDE THE BLOOD VESSELS AND IN THE SPACES BETWEEN THE BODY CELLS.
WHAT SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS WOULD INDICATE ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK.
WHEEZING, HIVES, URTICARIA, DIFFICULTY BREATHING, TIGHTNESS IN CHEST, TROUBLE SWALLOWING, HYPOVOLEMIA, SWELLING, BRUISING.