Ch. 9 REVIEW Flashcards
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN EARLY SIGN OF SHOCK?
A. SYSTOLIC BP LESS THAN 90 MM HG
B. ALTERED LOC
C. DECREASING ETCO2
D. ABSENCE OF PERIPHERAL PULSES
C. DECREASING ETCO2
A LOSS OF NORMAL SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS TONE CAUSES:
A. PROFOUND VASOCONSTRICTION.
B. OBSTRUCTIVE SHOCK.
C. REDUCED ABSOLUTE BLOOD VOLUME.
D. NEUROGENIC SHOCK
D. NEUROGENIC SHOCK
AN INFLAMMATORY CONDITION OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM THAT RESULTS IN INTERMITTENT WHEEZING AND EXCESS MUCOUS PRODUCTION IS CALLED:
A. EMPHYSEMA
B. BRONCHITIS
C. ASTHMA
D. SINUSITIS
C. ASTHMA
HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY IS CHARACTERIZED BY:
- A SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION OF ATRIAL BLOOD RETURN.
- ENLARGENING OR THICKENING OF THE HEART MUSCLE.
- GENERALIZED THINNING OF THE LEFT AND RIGHT VENTRICLES
- PROGRESSIVE SHRINKING OF THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART.
ENLARGENING OR THICKENING OF THE HEART MUSCLE
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS LEAST LIKELY TO CAUSE HYPERVENTILATION?
A. KETOACIDOSIS
B. ASPIRIN OVERDOSE
C. SEVERE INFECTION
D. METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
D. METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
ALL OF THE FOLLOWING WILL CAUSE A POTASSIUM SHIFT INTO THE CELL EXCEPT:
A. INCREASED VAGAL TONE
B. INSULIN ADMINISTRATION
C. ALKALOSIS
D. EPINEPHRINE RELEASE
A. INCREASED VAGAL TONE
YOUR PATIENT HAD A SERUM SODIUM LEVEL OF 158 mEq/L. WHAT CONDITION DOES THIS INDICATE?
A. HYPERNATREMIA
B. HYPERKALEMIA
C. HYPOKALEMIA
D. HYPONATREMIA
A. HYPERNATREMIA
WHICH CHEMICAL INDUCES HYPOXIA BY BLOCKING OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION IN THE MITOCHONDRIA AND PREVENTING OXYGEN METABOLISM?
A. CYANIDE
B. CARBON MONOXIDE
C. LEAD
D. ETHANOL
A. CYANIDE
IN A SMALL CHILD, A LOSS OF AS LITTLE AS % OF TOTAL BODY FLUID CAN CAUSE ILLNESS.
A. 10 TO 15
B. 3 TO 5
C. 5 TO 10
D. 20 TO 25
A. 10 TO 15
A PATIENT WHO OVERDOSED ON HEROIN AND IS UNCONSCIOUS WITH SLOW, SHALLOW RESPIRATIONS WOULD MOST LIKELY EXPERIENCE:
A. INCREASED CO2 RETENTION.
B. A pH WELL ABOVE 7.45.
C. EXCESS CO2 ELIMINATION.
D. ACUTE METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
A. INCREASED CO2 RETENTION.
IF A PATIENT IS CONFINED TO BED FOR A PROLONGED PERIOD OF TIME, YOU WOULD EXPECT EDEMA TO FORM IN THE:
A. UPPER EXTREMITIES
B. PERITONEUM
C. SACRUM
D. FACE, NECK, CHEST
C. SACRUM
THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK IS:
A. UNTREATED HYPERTENSION
B. SUSTAINED PULMONARY HYPERTENSION
C. BLUNT FORCE CHEST TRAUMA
D. ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
D. ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD CAUSE A PROPORTIONATE GAIN IN BOTH WATER AND SODIUM?
A. DIARRHEA
B. STEROID USE
C. LOOP DIURETIC USE
D. HEMORRHAGE
C. LOOP DIURETIC USE
DURING THE ACUTE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE:
- TRANSIENT ARTERIOLAR CONSTRICTION IS FOLLOWED BY ARTERIOLAR DILATION, WHICH ALLOWS AN INFLUX OF BLOOD UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE.
- CHEMICAL MEDIATORS, WHICH ARE PRIMARILY PRODUCED BY MONOCYTES, CAUSE LOCALIZED CONSTRICTION OF THE VESSELS ADJACENT TO THE AFFECTED SITE.
- ACTIVE HYPEREMIA CAUSES THE BLOOD VESSELS TO CONSTRICT, WHICH DIVERTS BLOOD AWAY FROM THE AFFECTED SITE.
- INCREASED VESSEL WALL PERMEABILITY FORCES FLUID OUT OF THE INTERSTITIAL SPACES, RESULTING IN CELL SHRINKAGE AND EVENTUAL DEATH.
TRANSIENT ARTERIOLAR CONSTRICTION IS FOLLOWED BY ARTERIOLAR DILATION, WHICH ALLOWS AN INFLUX OF BLOOD UNDER INCREASED PRESSURE.
CARPO-PEDAL SPASM THAT OCCURS DURING RESPIRATORY ALKALOSIS IS CAUSED BY A(N):
A. DECREASE IN ARTERIAL CO2
B. EXTRACELLULAR SODIUM SHIFT
C. INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM SHIFT
D. INTRACELLULAR POTASSIUM SHIFT
C. INTRACELLULAR CALCIUM SHIFT
A DIABETIC PATIENT WHO FAILED TO TAKE INSULIN AND PRESENTS WITH PEAKED T WAVES ON THE CARDIAC MONITOR, AND MUSCLE WEAKNESS IS MOST LIKELY:
A. HYPOCALCEMIC
B. HYPOKALEMIC
C. HYPERKALEMIC
D. HYPOGLYCEMIC
C. HYPERKALEMIC
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS REGARDING BASOPHILS IS TRUE?
A. BASOPHILS TRAVEL TO THE TISSUES, WHERE THEY BECOME MACROPHAGES.
B. BASOPHILS ACCOUNT FOR NEARLY 70% OF LEUKOCYTES.
C. BASOPHILS RELEASE CHEMICALS THAT DESTROY PARASITIC INVADERS.
D. BASOPHILS RELEASE HISTAMINE IN RESPONSE TO INFLAMMATION.
D. BASOPHILS RELEASE HISTAMINE IN RESPONSE TO INFLAMMATION.
THE TWO MOST COMMON CAUSES OF INFLAMMATION ARE:
A. HYPERCARBIA AND HYPOXEMIA
B. INFECTION AND INJURY
C. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND FEVER
D. FEVER AND PHAGOCYTOSIS
B. INFECTION AND INJURY
THE PARAMEDIC SHOULD SUSPECT HYPERKALEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH:
A. A CRUSH INJURY
B. VOMITING AND DIARRHEA
C. DEHYDRATION
D. CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
A. A CRUSH INJURY
WHEN CELLS ARE HYPOXIC FOR MORE THAN A FEW SECONDS:
- AN INCREASE IN CYTOCHROME PRODUCTION OCCURS AND THE BODY MAKES MORE ENERGY
- THEY PRODUCE SUBSTANCES THAT MAY DAMAGE OTHER LOCAL OR DISTANT BODY SYSTEMS
- THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RAPIDLY DECOMPENSATES AND BREATHING BECOMES SLOW
- LYSOSOMES QUICKLY RELEASE ENZYMES THAT ATTEMPT TO REBUILD THE STRUCTURE OF THE CELL
THEY PRODUCE SUBSTANCES THAT MAY DAMAGE OTHER LOCAL OR DISTANT BODY SYSTEMS
THE CHIEF WHITE BLOOD CELL OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE IS:
- EOSINOPHIL
- MONOCYTE
- LYMPHOCYTE
- NEUTROPHIL
LYMPHOCYTE
DISTRIBUTIVE SHOCK OCCURS WHEN:
- A SIGNIFICANT DECREASE IN CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY CAUSES DECREASED PERFUSION.
- MICROORGANISMS ATTACK THE BLOOD VESSELS, RESULTING IN VASODILATION.
- CENTRAL VASOCONSTRICTION FORCES BLOOD FROM THE CORE OF THE BODY
- BLOOD POOLS IN EXPANDED VASCULAR BEDS AND TISSUE PERFUSION DECREASES.
BLOOD POOLS IN EXPANDED VASCULAR BEDS AND TISSUE PERFUSION DECREASES.
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DISEASE PROCESSES WOULD MOST LIKELY CAUSE DELAYED OR DYSFUNCTIONAL WOUND HEALING?
- HEART DISEASE
- HYPOTHYROIDISM
- DIABETES
- HYPERTENSION
DIABETES
ANGIOGENESIS IS DEFINED AS:
- REROUTING OF INTACT BLOOD VESSELS
- REGROWTH OF DAMAGED BLOOD VESSELS
- THE DESTRUCTION OF BLOOD VESSELS
- THE GROWTH OF NEW BLOOD VESSELS
THE GROWTH OF NEW BLOOD VESSELS
ANAPHYLACTIC SHOCK IS CHARACTERIZED BY:
- A DEFICIENCY IN CIRCULATING HISTAMINES
- WHEEZING AND WIDESPREAD VASODILATION
- INTRACELLULAR HYPOVOLEMIA AND HIVES
- LABORED BREATHING AND HYPERTENSION
WHEEZING AND WIDESPREAD VASODILATION
ALLERGIES ARE ACQUIRED FOLLOWING:
- INDIRECT EXPOSURE TO AN ALLERGEN
- INITIAL EXPOSURE TO AN ALLERGEN
- MOST BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
- REPEATED EXPOSURE TO AN ALLERGEN
INITIAL EXPOSURE TO AN ALLERGEN
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS REGARDING MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME (MODS) IS CORRECT?
- MODS OCCURS WHEN INJURY OR INFECTION TRIGGERS A MASSIVE SYSTEMIC IMMUNE, INFLAMMATORY, AND COAGULATION RESPONSE.
- MODS TYPICALLY DEVELOPS WITHIN 20-30 MINUTES FOLLOWING RESUSCITATION FROM CARDIAC ARREST.
- SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF MODS INCLUDE COMPENSATORY HYPERTENSION, BRADYCARDIA, AND A FEVER GREATER THAN 105 DEG F
- AT THE CELLULAR LEVEL, MODS RESULTS IN AEROBIC METABOLISM, METABOLIC ALKALOSIS, AND IMPAIRED CELLULAR FUNCTION
MODS OCCURS WHEN INJURY OR INFECTION TRIGGERS A MASSIVE SYSTEMIC IMMUNE, INFLAMMATORY, AND COAGULATION RESPONSE.
SEVERE PROLONGED STRESS:
- IS FREQUENTLY A DIRECT CAUSE OF DEATH
- RESULTS IN THE DESTRUCTION OF CHOLESTEROL AND FAT
- CAUSES THE BODY TO LOSE ITS ABILITY TO FIGHT DISEASE
- RESULTS IN CHRONICALLY LOW LEVELS OF CORTISOL
CAUSES THE BODY TO LOSE ITS ABILITY TO FIGHT DISEASE
WHAT TYPE OF SHOCK OCCURS WHEN BLOOD FLOW BECOMES BLOCKED IN THE HEART OR GREAT VESSELS?
- PERIPHERAL
- CARDIOGENIC
- OBSTRUCTIVE
- DISTRIBUTIVE
OBSTRUCTIVE
A PERSON WHO INGESTS AN EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF SALICYLATE WOULD MOST LIKELY EXPERIENCE:
- ALKALOSIS
- HYPOVENTILATION
- A FALL IN PH
- BRADYCARDIA
ALKALOSIS
ACID-BASE BALANCE NORMALLY REMAINS IN A PHYSIOLOGIC pH RANGE OF:
- 7.35-7.45
- 7.45-7.55
- 7.55-8.25
- 7.25-7.35
7.35-7.45
