Section 2: Safety Management Systems Flashcards
Preliminary Hazard Analysis.
A qualitative study that yields a rough assessment of the potential hazards and means of their rectification within a system.
( Provides Hazards, Causes, Major Effect, and Means of Control)
“What If” Analysis.
A method to identify the hazards by going through “what if” scenarios.
Failure Modes Effects and Criticality Analysis
A systematic method for equipment failure. Takes into account Risk = Probability X Severity
Hazard and Operability Study
Applies certain guide words to process parameters.
How words effect intent/design intent.
Fault Tree Analysis
Visually demonstrates the interrelationship between equipment failure, human error, external and environmental factors that can result in an accident.
Cut Set
Any group of contributing elements which causes top event to occur. (Part of Fault Tree Analysis)
Top Event
The starting point, and the study traces backwards to find the possible causes of the hazard. (Part of Fault Tree Analysis)
Minimum Cut Set
A minimum group of contributing elements which will cause the top event to occur (Part of Fault Tree Analysis)
And Gates
All conditions must exist for a Top event to occur. (Part of Fault Tree Analysis)
Or Gates
Any one of the conditions must exist for the Top event to occur (Part of Fault Tree Analysis)
Undeveloped Events
Occurrences that are not further addressed because of necessary information or other reasons. (Part of Fault Tree Analysis)
Basic Faults
The primary causes of the TOP Event. (Part of Fault Tree Analysis)
Technique for Human Error Rate Predictions
The continuous personnel operations and probability of procedural error. It breaks down the procedure for an operation into individual tasks.
Job Safety Analysis
Breaks down a tasks into steps and then analyzes each step.
Reliability
The probability that a system, component, or device will perform without failure for a specified period of time under specified operating conditions.
The Failure Curve = R(t) = e^-lambda(t)
Define each part.
R(t) = Reliability
t = time
Lambda = # failures/time exposed to failure
System Reliability
Most mechanical and electronic systems are comprised of a collection of components.
Series Reliability
A failure of any component causes the system to fail (Multiply all of the reliabilities)
Parallel Reliability
Necessary for all components of the system to fail in order for the system to fail.
What are the 5 common causes of unreliability
- Design Mistakes
- Manufacturing Defects
- Maintenance
- Exceeding Design Limits
- Environmental Factors
What 3 things constitutes as a confined space?
- Large enough that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work.
- Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit.
- Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
What is a Permit-Required Confined Space?
Meets the three criteria of a confined space but also meets one or more of the following characteristics:
- Contains or has the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere
- Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant
- Has an internal configuration that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or floor that slopes downward and tapers to a small cross-section.
- Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard
What is considered an oxygen deficient atmosphere?
Less than 19.5% is considered oxygen deficient and required self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA)
What is the leading cause of death for construction workers?
Fall from Heights
What are the three major forms of Fall Protection?
Guardrails (Passive)
Safety Nets (Passive)
Fall Arrest Systems (Active)
What is the fall protection height requirement for 1. General Industry
2. Construction Industry
3. Scaffolds
- 4 Feet
- 6 Feet
- 10 Feet
OSHA requires that employers provide these protection to workers when they are needed. Employers must:
- Develop a written fall protection plan
- Identify potential fall hazards
- Ensure that fall protection equipment is right for the work and it is in good condition.
- Conduct regular trainings on fall hazards and on required personal protective equipment.
How much weight should a guard rail withstand?
200 pounds
Guardrails: How thick should the top rails be?
1/4 inch think and 39 to 45 inches from the working surfaces.
Guardrails: How often she a flag be placed on a wire rope guardrail?
Every six feet.
Safety Nets: A safety net should never be more than ____ Feet below the working surface?
30 feet.
Safety Nets: How much weight should the border rope be able with withstand?
5,000 pounds
Safety Nets: What is the Drop Test?
Individuals will drop a 400 pound bag of sand and the net must be able to withhold the force of the sand bag.
What are the components of a personal fall arrest system?
Anchorage, connecting device, and a full-body harness.
Personal Fall Arrest System: How much weight must an anchorage point be able to hold?
5,000 pounds
Personal Fall Arrest System: How much weight must a vertical line be able to hold?
5,000 pounds
Scaffolding: What are the responsibilities of a competent person with scaffolding?
- Inspection (Before every shift and after every event)
- Identify unsafe working conditions
- Authorized by employer to correct unsafe working conditions.
Scaffolding: Who can put together scaffolding?
A qualified person.
What are the characteristics of confined spaces?
- Large enough and so configured that an employee can enter.
- Has limited or restricted means of entry/exit.
- Not designed for continuous entry.
What are the characteristics of confined spaces?
Characteristics of a confined space and one or more of the following…
- Contains or has the potential to contain hazardous atmosphere.
- Contains a material that has the potential for engulfing an entrant.
- Development of procedures and practices necessary to conduct safe permit space entries. (Oxygen content, Lower Flammability Limit, Permissible Exposure Limits, Isolation.
Oxygen levels in a confined space must be kept between
19.5 and 23.5 percent
Lower Flammability Limit must be kept…
below 10%
What are some responsibilities of the authorized person?
- Monitor situations inside and outside confined spaces
- Attendants must be aware of the hazards of the confined space and the behavioral effects of hazards.
- Enact emergency procedure when an emergency takes place.
