Section 2 - People in business (Chap 6 - 9) Flashcards
2 types of resources
-human
-physical
what do humans need
motivation
reasons people work
-money
-enjoyment
-fame
-relationships
benefits of motivated worker
-more output
-less absent
-more quality output
-less accidents
-less waste
-less people leave job
Define Maslow motivation hierarchy
-basic needs
-safety = job security / environment
-social = relationships
-esteem = pride / prestige
-self-actualisation
Maslow motivation hierarchy - lower needs
-basic needs
-safety = job security / environment
Maslow motivation hierarchy - higher needs
-social = relationships
-esteem = pride / prestige
-self-actualisation
define Taylor Scientific Management
-people only work for money; more money = work harder
-division of labor
-piece rate
define piece rate
-workers are paid how much they work
-no fixed salary
-usually for low level workers
define Herzberg 2 factor theory
-hygiene factor = salary, security, relationships, work conditions
-motivation - achievement, recognition, promotion, responsibility
-hygiene prevent unhappy; motivation keep happy
permanent and temporary motivation
-financial = temporary
-non- financial = permanent
ways for financial motivation
-wage
-salary
-bonus
-profit sharing
define overtime
paid work for extra hours
define wage
-weekly payment at:
-time rate = per hour
-piece rate = how much your produce
-usually for low level workers
define salary
-monthly payment
-usually for high level workers
define bonus
-extra money on special occasions
define profit sharing
-agreement where a portion of profits is shared with workers
why doesn’t financial motivation work
-it becomes and expectation
ways for non-financial motivation
-job rotation
-job enlargement
-job enrichment
-group work
-training
-fringe benefits
-promotion
define job rotation
-workers rotate jobs
-can get more skill
-usually low level
define job enlargement
-giving more variety of work
-can overload on people and may demand more pay
define fringe benefits
-anything extra besides salary/ wage
define promotion
-higher position
define job enrichment
-more responsibilities givens to make job more challenging and meaningful
-usually for high level workers
define training
-teaching workers new skills
-cost money
-can cause jealousy
define group work
-workers work tgt on a task
-motivated by teamwork
-work is divided
what does an organizational chart do
defines structure
define line manager
-person on directly on top of you
define subordinate
-people below you
define chain of command
-structure which explains who to report to for communication
define span of control
-no. subordinates working directly under you
what happens of chain of command is too long
-risk of info changing
2 span structures
-tall- bad com., good management
-wide- good com., bad management
define managers
-people who manage things by delegation tasks to workers
-try to keep workers happy & get work done
define delegation
-assigning tasks to other people
-gives authority to person
define power
-people will listen without needing title
define authority
-people will listen because of title
what happens after you get authority
-your accountable for actions
advantages of delegation
-less work for manager
-less likely to make mistakes as a manager
-positive motivation for worker
how is delegation given
delectation - authority - accountability - responsibility
disadvantages of delegation
-worker makes mistakes
-worker might not be responsible enough
types of leaders
-Autocratic = strict; care abt job only
-democratic = care abt workers & job
-Laissez- faire = minimalistic; let works do work on own
Qualities of autocratic leader
-punishment motivation
-quick decisions
-good at crisis
-workers can’t make decisions/ suggest
-for low level workers
Qualities of democratic leader
-balance btw work & keeping workers happy
-lots of consultation with workers
-delay in decisions making
Qualities of laissez- faire leader
-not bothered much
-expects workers to know what to do
-doesn’t make decisions
-workers cane be creative
-for high level workers
functions of a manager
-Planning - setting aims for the business such as sales targets of
increasing output
-Organizing - organizes the tasks for the employees
-Coordinating – the tasks for production
-Commanding - instructing the employees on how to manufacture the
new products
-controlling - control the employees so they meet required output per week
what is a good leader
-someone who can adapt to the situation
define trade union
-person that represents workers & fights for their rights
Things abt trade union
-legally recognised
-office cannot oppose to union
-optional to join
-may have membership fee
strength in no.s
-can protest, strike & close business
define strike
-workers refuse to work
define recrutement
-process of finding workers
eg. online, ads
what happens after recruitment
-selection, (training)
eg. interview, test, prequalification,
what does selection do
-filters recruits
define Job analysis
-doc on the roles & responsibilities on the job
define job description
-doc that description on the roles & responsibilities of the job
define job specification
-doc that lists qualities, education & requirements the company looks for in the person being hired
2 types of recruitment
-internal = within org
-external = outside org
advantages of internal recruitment
-quicker
-alr know person
-don’t have to train
-don’t have to advertise
-motivates worker
disadvantages of internal recruitment
-jealousy among workers
- worker is not qualified eneough
advantages of external recruitment
-brings new ideas
disadvantages of external recruitment
-costly
-time-consuming
-have to train
-have to advertise
where can you advertise
-local news
-specialist magazine
-online websites
-recruiting agent
-job center ( run by gov.)
-collages & Uni
what does job advertisement include
-job description
-type of person wanted
-salary
-details on how to apply
Ways to apply for job
-letter of application = why you’re right candidate for job; try to convince person
-Curriculum Vitae (CV) = Resume = list of:
-Name
-DOB
-Address
-Email ID
-tele. no.
-nationality
-education
-qualifications
-personal interests
-work experience = positions you might have held
-2 refrences
why must recruitments have training
-show how company operates
-person is more motivated to work
-more efficiency for person
-less accidents
(cost money)
Types of training
-introduction = worker is told abt business
-on the job = working with a mentor
-off the job = send them to another org to train
advantages of on the job training
-see thing irl
disadvantages of on the job training
-worker is absent
-bad habits pass on
advantages of off the job training
-worker learns new skills from experts
-worker is motivated
disadvantages of off the job training
-expensive
-worker is absent
define downsizing
reducing size of workers
define automation
-machines take over human work
reasons why there is downsizing
-automation
-relocating business
-closing
-merging
-can’t afford to keep
types of downsizing
-dismissal = worker fault
-redundancy = not work fault
Things on redundancy of workers
-no use for worker = worker leave
-give redundancy payment = extra money
-need sufficient reason
Things on dismissal of workers
-bad performance = worker leaves
-give 1 months notice
-need sufficient reason
-need to follow procedures: verbal waring, written waring, 1 month notice
bad performance:
-incompetency = not capable to do job
-misconduct = inappropriate behavior
-breaking the law
define employment contract
-contract which states the rights and responsibilities of the employee & employer
has:
-Names
-job title
-job description
-work hours
-data of employment
-salary
-overtime
fringe benefits
-entitled leave
-tax cut
-penalty if contract is breached
signatures
Use of employment contract
-job security
-prevents disputes
-gives good idea on what to do for worker
define industrial tribunal
-people who decide is a reason of dismissal is valid or not
types of discrimination
-race/ colour
-religion
-gender
-age
-disability
impact of discrimination
-not efficient work
-demotivate
impacts of minimum wage
-made by law
-motivates workers
types of health & safety at workplace
-cater to health as much as possible
-costly
eg. warning signs, safety gears, evacuation area
impacts of effective com.
-more work
-motivates people
define barriers of com.
-anything that disrupts com.
1)-problems with sender language, accents, jargon
2)-problems with medium
3)-problems with receiver: bad mood, not motivated, overconfident
4)-problems with feedback: not allowed
5)-other: resource, noise, distance
how to com. cycle work
-sender - msg through medium - receiver - feedback - sender
types of com.
-internal = com in company - eg. online, face to face
-external = com in company - eg. emails, calls, letters
-1 way - without expecting feedback (not effective)
-2 way - expect feedback (good motivation)
-formal: in work
-informal: outside work
define feedback
-seeking clarification & suggestions
types of mediums for com
-verbal - eg. meeting, interview
-written - eg. letter, email
-visual - eg. videos, powerpoint
advantages of verbal medium
-fast
-quick feedback
-2 way com.
-see person’s body language
-most effective
disadvantages of verbal medium
-might not reach everyone
-no record - can deny it
advantages of written medium
-record of it
-good for lots of info
-many people can see at same time
disadvantages of written medium
-no quick feedback
-not everyone checks/ reads it
-languages may not be understandable
-1 way com
advantages of visual medium
-very hands on - appealing
-easier to understand
types of direction of com
-downward: high level to low level = orders
-upward: low level to high level = feedback
-horizontal: same level
disadvantages of visual medium
-1 way com
-time consuming
-expensive
-lots of effort
