Section 2: Matter

Question 1

Democritus (350 BC)

Answer 1

The first man to use the word ATOM.

Question 2

Aristotle (350 BC)

Answer 2

Everything was made of earth, air, fire, and water.

Question 3

Alchemists (350BC - 1500AD)

Answer 3

science with a bit of magic.
Gave us beakers, filters, plaster.

Question 4

Boyle (1500 - 1750s)

Answer 4

Was convinced that matter was made up of tiny particles (like Democritus!)

Question 5

Antoine Laurent Lavoisier & his wife Marie (late 1700s)

Answer 5

Developed chemical naming system.

Question 6

Dalton (1800s)

Answer 6

Matter was made of elements.
(first one to call an element a pure substance)

Question 7

JJ Thomson (late 1800s)

Answer 7

Discovered the electron. Made the Raisin Bun Model of Atoms.

Question 8

Rutherford (1908)

Answer 8

Discovered the NUCLEUS in the gold foil experiment where positive charges were deflected.

Question 9

Bohr (1908)

Answer 9

Electron Shell Model of the Atom..

Question 10

Chadwick (1922)

Answer 10

Nucleus has protons and neutrons and is surrounded by electrons!

Question 11

what is an atom?
3 parts to an atom?

Answer 11

smallest basic unit
protons (+)
electrons (-)
neutrons (neutral)

Question 12

what order are elements listed on the periodic table?

Answer 12

increasing atomic mass (mass of one atom of an element)
atomic mass unit (amu)

Question 13

Finding the number of PROTONS

Answer 13

.# of Protons = Atomic Number

Question 14

finding number of electrons

Answer 14

.# of Electrons = same as Protons
(atomic number)

Question 15

finding number of neutrons

Answer 15

.# of Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number (protons)

Question 16

Isotopes

Answer 16

different forms of the same element

Question 17

can protons change?

Answer 17

no If the protons changed, it would be a different element all together.

Question 18

can electrons change?

Answer 18

atoms can give or take electrons when they combine with other elements to form compounds.

Question 19

can neutrons be different

Answer 19

mass listed on the periodic table is the MOST COMMON mass for that element.

Question 20

metals

Answer 20

highly ductile and can be drawn into wire without breaking

Question 21

non metals

Answer 21

are not very ductile and cannot be drawn into wire without breaking

Question 22

metaloids

Answer 22

Some metalloids are ductile, while others are not

Question 23

periods

Answer 23

horizontal rows
left to right, the elements gradually change from metals to non-metals
most reactive metals start on the left

Question 24

groups/families

Answer 24

vertical columns
top:
- Metals: Reactivity low
- Non-Metal: Reactivity high
bottom:
- metals reactivity high
nonmetals reactivity low

Question 25

Alkali Metals

Answer 25

most reactive
more reactive as you go down.
group 1

Question 26

Alkaline Earth-Metals

Answer 26

their reactivity is not as strong as the alkali metals
group 2

Question 27

Halogens

Answer 27

Most reactive non-metals.
can combine with other elements (form new useful substances)
group 17

Question 28

noble gases

Answer 28

Most stable/unreactive elements.
group 18

Question 29

Bohr Diagrams - 1st electron shell rule

Answer 29

2 electrons in the first shell

Question 30

Bohr Diagrams - octet

Answer 30

Every other electron shell is full when it has 8 ELECTRONS (called an OCTET)

Question 31

Bohr Diagrams - period/group rule

Answer 31

PERIOD: number of electron shells for an atom same as period number
GROUP: last number in the group shows the number of electrons in the outer (valence) shell!