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3513 motor learning > section 2: classification of skills > Flashcards

section 2: classification of skills Flashcards

1
Q

an educated guess- reflects general problem statement/question that was the motivation for asking the research question in the 1st place

A

hypothesis

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2
Q

what is the guide for the creation of a hypothesis

A

research question

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3
Q

states there is NO relationship between variables you are studying

A

null hypothesis

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4
Q

a null hypothesis is a statement on ______. meaning there will always have the word no in the statement

A

equality

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5
Q

null hypothesis is represented by

A

H0

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6
Q

why do you need a null hypothesis?

A

-states what is true in absence of other information
-provides benchmark against which observed outcomes can be compared (to see if differences are due to other factors)

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7
Q

another name for null hypothesis

A

outcome hypothesis

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8
Q

definite statement that there is a relationship between variables

A

research hypothesis

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9
Q

research hypothesis is a statement on ______. meaning there is a difference/relationship

A

inequality

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10
Q

research hypothesis is represented by

A

H1 or Ha

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11
Q

null vs research
no relationship between variable–>
refers to population –>
indirectly tested–>
implied hypothesis–>

A

relationship between variables
refers to the sample
directly tested
explicit hypothesis

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12
Q

another name for research hypothesis

A

alternative hypothesis

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13
Q

testing theories using numbers–> measuring

A

quantitative method

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14
Q

testing theories using language–> describing

A

qualitative method

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15
Q

research method that is a search through records of the past to determine what happened and why

A

historical research

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16
Q

research method that involves manipulating and controlling events and variables to solve a problem

A

experimental research

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17
Q

research method that involves describing events or conditions which the researcher does not actively manipulate

A

descriptive research

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18
Q

which variable is the proposed cause, predictor, and is manipulated in experiments

A

independent variable

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19
Q

another name for independent variable

A

determining variable

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20
Q

which variable is the proposed effect, outcome, and is measured

A

dependent variable

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21
Q

another name for dependent variable

A

outcome variable

22
Q

process of observing and recording an observation–> involves assigning markers, symbols, and values to a observed phenomena

A

measurement

23
Q

three things to consider of your measurement:

A
  1. validity
  2. reliability
  3. level of error
24
Q

describe the validity of a measurement

A

does the instrument measure what it is supposed to measure, is it accurate, is it actually measuring what it is intended to measure (e.g. weight scale measuring body weight)

25
Q

describe reliability in measurement

A

ability of measure to produce the same results under the same conditions

26
Q

is validity a necessary and sufficient condition of measure? if not, why?

A

it is necessary but NOT sufficient–> to be valid the instrument must be 1st reliable

27
Q

why classify motor skills? 3 reasons

A
  1. provides basis so that problems can be identified
  2. identify demands different skills place on learner/performer
  3. provides basis for developing principles related to preforming and learning skills
28
Q

4 classifications of motor skills

A
  1. 4 1D systems
  2. environmental context
  3. function of the action
  4. gentile’s 2D taxonomy
29
Q

describe movement-action relationship of “many-to-one relationship”

A

many movements together accomplish same action
e.g. walking

30
Q

describe movement-action relationship of “one-to-many relationship”

A

one movement accomplishes many actions
e.g. wax on- wax off

31
Q

2 categories based on the SIZE of primary musculature

A

gross vs fine motor skills

32
Q

1D classification system that bases skill off of big muscles being used to do a skill

A

gross motor skills

33
Q

examples of gross motor skills

A

weight lifting, changing a tire

34
Q

1D classification system that bases skill off of small muscles being used

A

fine motor skill

35
Q

examples of fine motor skills

A

buttoning shirt, drawing

36
Q

examples of skills that fall between fine and gross motor skills

A

driving a car, shooting pool

37
Q

type of 1D classification system that specifies where a movement begins or ends

A

discrete motor skills, serial motor skills, continuous motor skills

38
Q

defined beginning or end of a skill

A

discrete motor skills

39
Q

a defined start and end but continuous in the middle

A

serial motor skill

40
Q

the skill does not have a strong start or end

A

continuous skill

41
Q

2 skills involved in the 3rd 1D classification system that is based on environmental context

A

closed motor skill and open motor skill

42
Q

category of environment that involves a stationary supporting surface, object, other people; performer determines when to begin the action

A

closed motor skill

43
Q

example of closed motor skill

A

picking up a cup while seated at a table

44
Q

open motor skill involves supporting surface, object, or person is in _______; environmental features determine when to begin action

A

motion

45
Q

example of open motor skill

A

catching a thrown ball

46
Q

a classification system organized according to relationships among the component characteristics of what is being classified

A

taxonomy

47
Q

2 general characteristics of Gentile’s 2D taxonomy

A
  1. environmental context
  2. function of action
48
Q

4 parts to the environmental context of gentile’s taxonomy of tasks

A
  1. regulatory conditions
  2. stationary or in motion
  3. inter-trail variability
  4. non-regulatory conditions
49
Q

regulatory conditions are features of the _______ to which movement must _____.
e.g. object, surfaces, other people

A

environment, conform

50
Q

part of environmental context: variations in regulatory conditions from one trial to the next

A

inter-trial variability

51
Q

true or false: non regulatory conditions are features of the environment that affect the task

A

false, they do not affect the task

3513 motor learning (2 decks)

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