section 1: what is motor learning

Question 1

what is the critical aspect of human survival?

Answer 1

human movement

Question 2

human life is shaped by the ______

Answer 2

capacity for skilled movement

Question 3

human survival is marked by our ability to

Answer 3

move and move well

Question 4

specific patterns of motion among joints and body segments; reflexes, muscle contractions

Answer 4

movements

Question 5

tasks or activities that have specific goals to achieve; actions, goals of motion

Answer 5

skills

Question 6

term often used synonymously with the term “motor skill”; have a specific goal of an activity

Answer 6

action

Question 7

3 characteristics of motor skills:

Answer 7

1. goal achieved with maximum certainty
2. goal achieved under a wide range of conditions
3. goal is achieved with minimum effort

Question 8

what are the three things that affect motor skills?

Answer 8

1. the learner
2. environment
3. nature of the skill

Question 9

a motor skill development that is based on previous learned skills, level of motivation, age/developmental readiness for skill, psychological characteristics of individual, fitness level, and bodily constraints on movement

Answer 9

the learner

Question 10

This can affect motor skills: predictability of environment, presence of observers, weather, life background context, constraints on movement possibilities, perceptual elements present

Answer 10

Environment

Question 11

affects motor skill; performed in isolation vs with others, executed rapidly vs over time, perceptual demands, stable vs unstable changing conditions, use of equipment, rules constraining action

Answer 11

nature of the skill

Question 12

specific study of how skills are acquired AND controlled (need to have control over the body to perform/learn skills)

Answer 12

motor learning and control

Question 13

the study of processes involved in acquiring motor skills and variables that promote/inhibit acquisition

Answer 13

motor learning

Question 14

4 parts of motor learning

Answer 14

1. acquisition of new skills
2. performance enhancement of already learned skills
3. reacquisition of skills after injury/disease
4. unlearning–> knowledge does not equal understanding

Question 15

study of neural, behavioral, environmental, and synergistic mechanisms responsible for human movement and stability

Answer 15

motor control

Question 16

ALL motor skills are expressions of the __________

Answer 16

motor control system
-need control to have skills

Question 17

what 2 fields of study/knowledge put together brought about the study of motor learning

Answer 17

neurophysiology and psychology

Question 18

field of study that helped bring about the study of motor learning; concerned with the neural processes that are associated with (or caused of) movements

Answer 18

neurophysiology

Question 19

field of study that helped bring about the study of motor learning; concerned with high level skills with very little reference to the neurological mechanisms involved–> more on the why behind movement

Answer 19

Psychology

Question 20

who proposed that simple reflexes composed a human’s most complex movements? (movement at its core is reflexes)

Answer 20

Sir Charles Sherrington (1857-1952)

Question 21

who won nobel peace prize (1932) for work in neurophysiology–> discovered the synapse of neurons

Answer 21

Sir Charles Sherrington

Question 22

A russian physiologist that worked closely with Pavlo that studied movement coordination (variety of movement) and developed degrees of freedom

Answer 22

Nikolai A. Bernstein

Question 23

What did Bernstein developed?

Answer 23

degrees of freedom problem

Question 24

psychologist who studied movement accuracy

Answer 24

Paul Fitts

Question 25

Fitts developed ______

Answer 25

Fitt’s Law

Question 26

mathmatical model that related speed of movement to accuracy of movement

Answer 26

Fitt’s Law

Question 27

true or false: Fitt’s law, the faster you do things, the less accurate the movement

Answer 27

true

Question 28

who pioneered the field of kinesiology as an academic field of study?

Answer 28

Franklin Henry (1904-1993)

Question 29

what 3 fields of study did Henry combine to advocate an experimental approach to study of movement

Answer 29

physiology, neurophysiology, and psychology

Question 30

who studied infant movement and was a psychologist

Answer 30

ester thelen

Question 31

ester thelen applied _________ to study infant motor learning

Answer 31

dynamical system theory

Question 32

who studies/uses motor learning today?

Answer 32

coaches, PE teachers, trainers, OT therapists, movement scientists, ergonomics designers