Section-2; Cells Flashcards
monomer of a protein?
amino acid
Polymer of a protein?
polypeptide
Polymer of a lipid?
saturated/unsaturated fat
monomer of a lipid?
fatty acid chain
polymer of a carbohydrate?
polysaccharide
monomer of a carbohydrate?
monosaccharide
polymer of a nucleic acid?
DNA/RNA
monomer of a nucleic acid?
nucleotide
Benedict Solution test and outcome?
test for sugar
goes from blue to green-orange if positive
Iodine solution test and outcome?
test for starch
goes from Amber to dark purple
Sudan 3 test and outcome?
dyed a lipid red
Brown Bag test and outcome?
translucent when a lipid is present
Ethanol test and outcome?
dissolves in a lipid
Biurets test and outcome?
test for protein
goes to blue to lavender when positive
three major components to a nucleotide
Phosphate, Sugar, Nitrogenous Base
List the cell theory
- All cells come from pre-existing cells.
- Cells are the basic units of life.
- All living things are made of cells.
characteristics of Prokaryotic cells
simple single cells bacteria smaller lack membrane bound organelles lack a nucleus
characteristics of Eukaryotic cells
complex all other organisms beside bacteria multicellular rod shaped chromosomes larger contain membrane bound organelles contain a nucleus
characteristics that prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells share
grow reproduce cells living contain ribosomes have DNA
what is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
what are the function of ribosomes?
where proteins are assembled
what is the function of the mitochondria?
converts chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient
what is the function of the vacuole?
stores materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates for cells to use
what is the function of the chloroplast?
captures energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
what is the function of the cell membrane?
thin, flexible barrier around a cell that regulates what leaves and enters the cell.
cell organelles that are only found in plant cells?
chloroplasts, cell wall and vacuole.
what type of organic molecule is an enzyme?
protein
explain the function of an enzyme?
organic catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
