Section 2: Cells

Question 1

Is a triglyceride a monomer or polymer?

Answer 1

neither

Question 2

Lipid

Answer 2

chemical compounds in your body

Question 3

glycerol

Answer 3

triol compound or sweetening agent

Question 4

Phospholipids

Answer 4

major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers

Question 5

protein receptors

Answer 5

receive a signal

Question 6

What is the role of Bile?

Answer 6

Helps with digestion

Question 7

How do phospholipids interact with water?

Answer 7

In water, phospholipids spontaneously form a double layer called a lipid bilayer, in which the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules are sandwiched between two layers of hydrophilic heads.

Question 8

how do large globules of fat or oil get broken up in the small intestine?

Answer 8

Emulsification where large lipid globules are broken down into several small lipid globules.

Question 9

What is the difference between a trans-fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid?

Answer 9

Trans fats are unsaturated fats with trans double bonds instead of cis bonds

Question 10

concentration gradient

Answer 10

process of particles moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles.

Question 11

Signal transduction

Answer 11

when a cell responds to substances outside the cell

Question 12

Inactive Chromatin

Answer 12

when it cant be transcribed to form an mRNA

Question 13

Complementary base pairing

Answer 13

nitrogenous bases found in DNA that hydrogen bonds with each other

Question 14

Non coding strand

Answer 14

does not directly code for protein sequences

Question 15

Exons

Answer 15

regions of DNA that contain coding sequences

Question 16

Alternative Splicing

Answer 16

when exons join together

Question 17

Large subunit

Answer 17

catalyses the key chemical

Question 18

mRNA

Answer 18

single stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis

Question 19

tRNA

Answer 19

helps decode mRNA sequence into a protein

Question 20

uncharged tRNA

Answer 20

acts as a signaling molecule

Question 21

Effects of saturated fatty acids

Answer 21

raise your LDL cholesterol (bad)

Question 22

What is the role of HDL and LDL?

Answer 22

absorbs cholesterol in the blood and carries it back to the liver.

Question 23

effect of dietary trans-fatty acids

Answer 23

Increase LDL and decrease HDL (bad)

Question 24

how do molecules cross into and out of the nucleus?

Answer 24

nuclear pore complex

Question 25

nucleotide

Answer 25

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group

Question 26

how many fatty acids is a triglyceride made up of?

Answer 26

3

Question 27

name two types of carrier protein

Answer 27

LDL and HDL

Question 28

Step 1 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 28

bile enters small intestine

Question 29

Step 2 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 29

lipases act of globules

Question 30

Step 3 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 30

fat enters liver

Question 31

Step 4 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 31

liver acts on fat globule

Question 32

Step 5 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 32

LDL enters blood into body

Question 33

Step 6 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 33

Cells take up LDL and add more protein

Question 34

Step 7 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 34

HDL enters into blood stream

Question 35

Step 8 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 35

carried to the liver

Question 36

Step 9 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 36

Liver absorbs HDL to bile

Question 37

Step 10 of fat and oils being ingested.

Answer 37

Liver converts HDL to bile

Question 38

Saturated fatty acids increases, what happens to LDL levels?

Answer 38

They go up

Question 39

What happens if unsaturated fatty acids increases

Answer 39

LDL goes down and HDL goes up

Question 40

What happens if trans fatty acids increases?

Answer 40

LDL goes up and HDL goes down.

Question 41

What is an example of a concentration gradient?

Answer 41

potassium and sodium

Question 42

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 42

highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 43

What is a triglyceride made of?

Answer 43

a glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids

Question 44

When triglycerides and other solubilized lipids get absorbed into the blood stream, what organ does it go to?

Answer 44

liver

Question 45

What type of protein “captures” an extracellular signal?

Answer 45

receptor

Question 46

what is the role of the nuclear pore complex?

Answer 46

regulating the flow of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Question 47

What is the difference between inactive chromatin and active chromatin?

Answer 47

structural organization and influences of gene expression.