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Biology 100 Exam 1 > Section 2: Cells > Flashcards

Section 2: Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

Is a triglyceride a monomer or polymer?

A

neither

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2
Q

Lipid

A

chemical compounds in your body

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3
Q

glycerol

A

triol compound or sweetening agent

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4
Q

Phospholipids

A

major membrane lipids that consist of lipid bilayers

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5
Q

protein receptors

A

receive a signal

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6
Q

What is the role of Bile?

A

Helps with digestion

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7
Q

How do phospholipids interact with water?

A

In water, phospholipids spontaneously form a double layer called a lipid bilayer, in which the hydrophobic tails of phospholipid molecules are sandwiched between two layers of hydrophilic heads.

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8
Q

how do large globules of fat or oil get broken up in the small intestine?

A

Emulsification where large lipid globules are broken down into several small lipid globules.

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9
Q

What is the difference between a trans-fatty acid and an unsaturated fatty acid?

A

Trans fats are unsaturated fats with trans double bonds instead of cis bonds

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10
Q

concentration gradient

A

process of particles moving through a solution or gas from an area with a higher number of particles to an area with a lower number of particles.

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11
Q

Signal transduction

A

when a cell responds to substances outside the cell

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12
Q

Inactive Chromatin

A

when it cant be transcribed to form an mRNA

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13
Q

Complementary base pairing

A

nitrogenous bases found in DNA that hydrogen bonds with each other

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14
Q

Non coding strand

A

does not directly code for protein sequences

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15
Q

Exons

A

regions of DNA that contain coding sequences

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16
Q

Alternative Splicing

A

when exons join together

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17
Q

Large subunit

A

catalyses the key chemical

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18
Q

mRNA

A

single stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis

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19
Q

tRNA

A

helps decode mRNA sequence into a protein

20
Q

uncharged tRNA

A

acts as a signaling molecule

21
Q

Effects of saturated fatty acids

A

raise your LDL cholesterol (bad)

22
Q

What is the role of HDL and LDL?

A

absorbs cholesterol in the blood and carries it back to the liver.

23
Q

effect of dietary trans-fatty acids

A

Increase LDL and decrease HDL (bad)

24
Q

how do molecules cross into and out of the nucleus?

A

nuclear pore complex

25
Q

nucleotide

A

a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group

26
Q

how many fatty acids is a triglyceride made up of?

A

3

27
Q

name two types of carrier protein

A

LDL and HDL

28
Q

Step 1 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

bile enters small intestine

29
Q

Step 2 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

lipases act of globules

30
Q

Step 3 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

fat enters liver

31
Q

Step 4 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

liver acts on fat globule

32
Q

Step 5 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

LDL enters blood into body

33
Q

Step 6 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

Cells take up LDL and add more protein

34
Q

Step 7 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

HDL enters into blood stream

35
Q

Step 8 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

carried to the liver

36
Q

Step 9 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

Liver absorbs HDL to bile

37
Q

Step 10 of fat and oils being ingested.

A

Liver converts HDL to bile

38
Q

Saturated fatty acids increases, what happens to LDL levels?

A

They go up

39
Q

What happens if unsaturated fatty acids increases

A

LDL goes down and HDL goes up

40
Q

What happens if trans fatty acids increases?

A

LDL goes up and HDL goes down.

41
Q

What is an example of a concentration gradient?

A

potassium and sodium

42
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

highly regulated membrane barrier that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

43
Q

What is a triglyceride made of?

A

a glycerol molecule bound to three fatty acids

44
Q

When triglycerides and other solubilized lipids get absorbed into the blood stream, what organ does it go to?

A

liver

45
Q

What type of protein “captures” an extracellular signal?

A

receptor

46
Q

what is the role of the nuclear pore complex?

A

regulating the flow of molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

47
Q

What is the difference between inactive chromatin and active chromatin?

A

structural organization and influences of gene expression.

Biology 100 Exam 1 (4 decks)

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