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Biology 100 Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

human genetic variation

A

genetic differences in and among populations

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2
Q

experiments

A

a procedure carried out to support or refute a hypothesis

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3
Q

Atoms are opposed of _____ and _____, while molecules are composed of ____

A

Protons and Neutrons; Atoms

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4
Q

If an atom gains or loses an electron, it is called…

A

An ion

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5
Q

If an atom gains or loses an neutron, it is called…

A

An Isotope

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6
Q

An element, purified from ordinary rock in the Sierra Nevada, is analyzed and found to have 25 protons, 30 neutrons, and 23 electrons. It is best characterized as

A

An Ion

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7
Q

Independent Variable

A

what is manipulated in an experiment

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8
Q

Dependent Variable

A

what is measured in an experiment - an outcome, the data

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9
Q

If you wanted to create a new, heavier atom using parts of atoms, you could do so by adding

A

Protons in the nucleus

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10
Q

In the molecule below, which atom has a higher electronegativity? NaCl

A

Chlorine Atom

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11
Q

What do you call the factor or variable that is manipulated in an experiment?

A

Independent Variable

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12
Q

What do you call the factor or variable that is measured in an experiment?

A

Dependent Variable

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13
Q

A researcher performs an experiment to determine how music affects learning and memory. She has some students listen either to jazz, classical music, or white noise while studying for a math test. She then compares how each performed on the test. What is the control group?

A

White Noise

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14
Q

True or False: Water is a charged (ionic) molecule.

A

False

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15
Q

True or False: Water is a polar molecule?

A

True

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16
Q

True or False: Water is an organic molecule.

A

False

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17
Q

O-H is a ___ Bond; O…H is a ___ bond

A

A polar covalent bond; Hydrogen bond

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18
Q

When in a watery environment, which type of bond is typically strongest?

A

A nonpolar covalent bond

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19
Q

When in a watery environment, which type of bond is typically weakest?

A

An ionic bond

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20
Q

Given the information about the following atom, 3919K+, What is the mass?

A

39

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21
Q

Given the information about the following atom, 3919K+, how many electrons does it contain?

A

18

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22
Q

Given the information about the following atom, 3919K+, how many neutrons does it contain?

A

20

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23
Q

Use the information about the following atoms to complete the statement
16 8 O, 1 1 H, 12 6 C. H2O is the molecular formula for water. Water is composed of __A__ hydrogen atoms and __B__ oxygen atoms, and has a mass of C .

A

A: 2, B: 1, C: 18

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24
Q

Use the information about the following atoms to answer the question
16 8 O, 1 1 H, 12 6 C. The bicarbonate molecule (HCO3-) is important in maintaining the correct pH in our blood. Its mass is?

A

61

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25
Q

BaCl2 is an inexpensive salt that dissolves in water, forming a Ba2+ and two Cl- ions. Which elemental species, chlorine or barium, is more electronegative?

A

Chlorine

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26
Q

True or False: A water molecule has an overall net charge.

A

False

27
Q

Which of the following bond would (theoretically) take the most energy to disrupt?

A

the bond between a carbon and carbon in a lipid

28
Q

H2CO3 reacts in water to release bicarbonate, HCO3-, and H+.

Which of the following statements is FALSE, based on the above information?

A

H2CO3 is an ion.

29
Q

Noncompetitive inhibitor

A

causes the enzyme to become misshapen

30
Q

what does the substrate bind

A

Active cite

31
Q

True or False: Priya is 35 and lactose intolerant.
She is unable to drink dairy products with lactose but is able to anabolize lactose.

A

True

32
Q

What is the gas that creates an acid?

A

Carbon Dioxide

33
Q

What does carbon dioxide combine with to make acid?

A

Water

34
Q

If someone was breathing very rapidly, would the pH level in their blood indicate (higher or lower) acidity?

A

Lower

35
Q

A protein is composed of 5 polypeptide subunits. Three of the subunits are identical, the other two are unique (different).

At what structural level is this protein functional (one word answer)?

A

Quaternary

36
Q

What determines the primary structure of a polypeptide?

A

gene

37
Q

A protein is composed of 5 polypeptide subunits. Three of the subunits are identical, the other two are unique (different).

How many genes are needed to form this protein?

A

3

38
Q

Experimental/Treatment Groups

A

consists of the people who are experiencing the effects of the independent variable

39
Q

atom

A

basic unit of a chemical element

40
Q

nucleus

A

the membrane-enclosed organelle within a cell that contains the chromosomes

41
Q

Proton

A

Has a positive electric charge

42
Q

polypeptide

A

linear chain of amino acids

43
Q

what are the 4 levels of structure?

A

primary, secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary

44
Q

Structure 1

A

gene directed

45
Q

structure 2

A

H bonds along polypeptide

46
Q

structure 3

A

R groups driven; fold to avoid interacting with H2O

47
Q

Structure 4

A

4 or more polypeptide sub units assemble into 1 protein

48
Q

where does a noncompetitive inhibitor bind to an enzyme?

A

outside of the enzyme

49
Q

A,G,C,T ; DNA or RNA

A

DNA

50
Q

A,G,C,U ; DNA or RNA

A

RNA

51
Q

Deoxyribose; DNA or RNA

A

DNA

52
Q

Ribose; DNA or RNA

A

RNA

53
Q

What are the three subatomic particles that make up an atom?

A

protons, neutrons, and electrons

54
Q

Strengths of an ionic bond:

A
  • directly dependent upon the quantity of the charges
  • dependent on the distance between the charged particles
55
Q

how does partial charge differ from a complete charged ion?

A

partial charges arise from uneven sharing of electrons in bonds, whereas complete negative charges result from an excess of electrons relative to protons

56
Q

metabolism

A

chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

57
Q

anabolism

A

when smaller biomoleclules become larger

58
Q

Polysaccharides

A

long chains of carbohydrate molecules

59
Q

how do polysaccharides differ from each other?

A

structure

60
Q

What are some functions of proteins?

A

structural support, hormones, and enzymes

61
Q

how are polymers formed from monomers?

A

form covalent bonds by sharing electrons

62
Q

difference between an atom, molecule, and ion?

A

atoms: singular neutral particles
molecules: neutral particles made of 2 or more atoms bonded together
ion: a positively or negatively charged molecule

63
Q

Strength of a covalent bond

A

stable structure

64
Q

advantages of a hydrogen bond

A

life sustaining properties and stabilize the structures of proteins and DNA

Biology 100 Exam 1 (4 decks)

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