Section 2 Flashcards
Flexibility
The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows the full range of motion of a joint.
Extensibility
Capability to be elongated or stretched.
Dynamic range of motion
The combination of flexibility and the nervous system’s ability to control this range of motion efficiently.
Neuromuscular efficiency
The ability of the neuromuscular system to all agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.
Postural distortion patters
Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances.
Relative flexibility
The tendency of the to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns.
Muscle imbalance
Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint.
Reciprocal inhibition
The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement to take place.
Altered reciprocal inhibition
The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.
Synergistic dominance
The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscle take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.
Arthrokinetic dysfunction
Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint.
Autogenic inhibition
The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.
Pattern overload
Consistently repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stresses on the body.
Davis’s law
States that soft tissue models along the lines of stress.
Static stretching
The process of passively taking a muscle to the point of tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 30 seconds.
Active-isolated stretch
The process of using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion.
Integrated cardiorespiratory training
Cardiorespiratory training programs that systematically progress clients through various stages to achieve optimal levels of physiologic, physical, and performance adaptations by placing stress on the cardiorespiratory system.
General warm-up
Low-intensity exercise consisting of movements that do not necessarily relate to the more intense exercise that is to follow.
Specific warm-up
Low-intensity exercise consisting of movements that mimic those that will be included in the more intense exercise that is to follow.
Frequency
The number of training sessions in a given timeframe.
Intensity
The level of demand that a given activity places on the body.
Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max)
The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.
Oxygen uptake reserve (VO2R)
The difference between resting and maximal or peak oxygen consumption.
Ventilatory threshold (Tvent)
The point during graded exercise in which ventilation increases disproportionately to oxygen uptake, signifying a switch from predominantly aerobic energy production to anaerobic energy production.
Time
The length of time an individual is engaged in a given activity.
Type
The type or mode of physical activity that individual is engaged in.
Enjoyment
The amount of pleasure derived from performing a physical activity.
Overtraining
Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in fatigue (which also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery).
Core
The structures that make up the limbo-pelvis-hip-complex (LPHC), including the lumbar spine, the pelvic girdle, abdomen, and the hip joint.
Drawing-in maneuver
A maneuver used to recruit the local core stabilizers by drawing the navel in toward the spine.
Bracing
Occurs when you have contracted both the abdominal, lower back, and buttock muscles at the same time.
Rate of force production
Ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time.
Plyometric (reactive) training
Exercises that generate quick, powerful movements involving an explosive concentric muscle contraction preceded by an electric muscle action.
