Section 2

Question 1

Flexibility

Answer 1

The normal extensibility of all soft tissues that allows the full range of motion of a joint.

Question 2

Extensibility

Answer 2

Capability to be elongated or stretched.

Question 3

Dynamic range of motion

Answer 3

The combination of flexibility and the nervous system’s ability to control this range of motion efficiently.

Question 4

Neuromuscular efficiency

Answer 4

The ability of the neuromuscular system to all agonists, antagonists, and stabilizers to work synergistically to produce, reduce, and dynamically stabilize the entire kinetic chain in all three planes of motion.

Question 5

Postural distortion patters

Answer 5

Predictable patterns of muscle imbalances.

Question 6

Relative flexibility

Answer 6

The tendency of the to seek the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns.

Question 7

Muscle imbalance

Answer 7

Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint.

Question 8

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 8

The simultaneous contraction of one muscle and the relaxation of its antagonist to allow movement to take place.

Question 9

Altered reciprocal inhibition

Answer 9

The concept of muscle inhibition, caused by a tight agonist, which inhibits its functional antagonist.

Question 10

Synergistic dominance

Answer 10

The neuromuscular phenomenon that occurs when inappropriate muscle take over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover.

Question 11

Arthrokinetic dysfunction

Answer 11

Altered forces at the joint that result in abnormal muscular activity and impaired neuromuscular communication at the joint.

Question 12

Autogenic inhibition

Answer 12

The process by which neural impulses that sense tension are greater than the impulses that cause muscles to contract, providing an inhibitory effect to the muscle spindles.

Question 13

Pattern overload

Answer 13

Consistently repeating the same pattern of motion, which may place abnormal stresses on the body.

Question 14

Davis’s law

Answer 14

States that soft tissue models along the lines of stress.

Question 15

Static stretching

Answer 15

The process of passively taking a muscle to the point of tension and holding the stretch for a minimum of 30 seconds.

Question 16

Active-isolated stretch

Answer 16

The process of using agonists and synergists to dynamically move the joint into a range of motion.

Question 17

Integrated cardiorespiratory training

Answer 17

Cardiorespiratory training programs that systematically progress clients through various stages to achieve optimal levels of physiologic, physical, and performance adaptations by placing stress on the cardiorespiratory system.

Question 18

General warm-up

Answer 18

Low-intensity exercise consisting of movements that do not necessarily relate to the more intense exercise that is to follow.

Question 19

Specific warm-up

Answer 19

Low-intensity exercise consisting of movements that mimic those that will be included in the more intense exercise that is to follow.

Question 20

Frequency

Answer 20

The number of training sessions in a given timeframe.

Question 21

Intensity

Answer 21

The level of demand that a given activity places on the body.

Question 22

Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max)

Answer 22

The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.

Question 23

Oxygen uptake reserve (VO2R)

Answer 23

The difference between resting and maximal or peak oxygen consumption.

Question 24

Ventilatory threshold (Tvent)

Answer 24

The point during graded exercise in which ventilation increases disproportionately to oxygen uptake, signifying a switch from predominantly aerobic energy production to anaerobic energy production.

Question 25

Time

Answer 25

The length of time an individual is engaged in a given activity.

Question 26

Type

Answer 26

The type or mode of physical activity that individual is engaged in.

Question 27

Enjoyment

Answer 27

The amount of pleasure derived from performing a physical activity.

Question 28

Overtraining

Answer 28

Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in fatigue (which also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery).

Question 29

Core

Answer 29

The structures that make up the limbo-pelvis-hip-complex (LPHC), including the lumbar spine, the pelvic girdle, abdomen, and the hip joint.

Question 30

Drawing-in maneuver

Answer 30

A maneuver used to recruit the local core stabilizers by drawing the navel in toward the spine.

Question 31

Bracing

Answer 31

Occurs when you have contracted both the abdominal, lower back, and buttock muscles at the same time.

Question 32

Rate of force production

Answer 32

Ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time.

Question 33

Plyometric (reactive) training

Answer 33

Exercises that generate quick, powerful movements involving an explosive concentric muscle contraction preceded by an electric muscle action.