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BCBA Exam > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

1
Q

A single instance of behavior.

Measurable unit of analysis in the science of behavior.

A

Response

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2
Q

Larger set/class of responses.

that share a physical dimensions or functions.

A

Behavior

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3
Q

A group of bx’s.

Have the same function.

A

Response Class

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4
Q

Similar bx’s that are strengthened or weakened collectively.

A result of operant conditioning.

A

Operant

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5
Q

All the bx’s that an individual can do.

A collection of knowledge and skills.

A

Repertoire

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6
Q

A complex, dynamic universe of events that differ from instance to instance.

A

Environment

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7
Q

Physical events that affect the bx of the individual.

Internal or external.

Energy change.

A

Stimuli

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8
Q

3 types of nervous systems (that are affected by stimuli)

PIE

A

Proprioceptive
Interoceptive
Exteroceptive

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9
Q

Balance and movement

A

Proprioceptive

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10
Q

Stimulation of organs

A

Interoceptive

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11
Q

Think 5 senses

A

Exteroceptive

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12
Q

A group of ANTCEDENT STIMULI that has a common effect on an operant class

A

Stimulus Class

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13
Q

3 types of stimulus classes

FTF (For The Fun)

A

Formal
Temporal
Functional

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14
Q

Physical features (topography)

part of 3 types of stimulus classes

A

Formal

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15
Q

Refers to TIME

part of 3 types of stimulus classes

A

Temporal

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16
Q

The effect of the stimulus on the bx.

part of 3 types of stimulus classes

A

Functional

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17
Q

Stimuli in this class can share:

common topographies, common relative relations,
developed through generalization.

A

feature stimulus class

ex. concept of dog, house, tree, bigger than

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18
Q

Stimuli in this class evoke same response but do NOT share a common stimulus feature.

Developed through stimulus equivalence.

A

Arbitrary Stimulus class

Ex. apple, orange and banana are the class of fruit

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19
Q

Immediate have the greatest effect.

Only affect FUTURE behavior.

A

Consequences

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20
Q

Operant conditioning occurs automatically.

Person does not have to know what a consequence means for it to work.

A

Automaticity (of rx and punishment)

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21
Q

Automatic Reinforcement

AKA. Sensory; self-stimulatory Behaviors, Stereotypy

A

Rx that occurs independent of the social mediation of others.

Is negative or positive.

others do NOT deliver the consequence.

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22
Q

Punishment that occurs independent of the social mediation of others.

Other people do not deliver the consequences.

A

Automatic Punishment

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23
Q

What can reinforcement strengthen ?

A

Rate, duration, latency, magnitude, and topography.

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24
Q

How soon after a response should a rx be delivered ?

A

within 0-60 seconds.

Immediacy is critical.

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25
Q

What does rx do?

A

Creates stimulus control.

Makes antecedent stimulus conditions relevant.

Turns a 2-term into a 3-term with an Sd.

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26
Q

Rate of responding to a stimulus in 1 setting changes when rx in other setting is modified.

A

Behavior contrast

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27
Q

2 types of Bx contrast

A

Positive and Negative behavior contrast

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28
Q

Stimulus that increases future freq of bx.

Type I reinforcement

A

Positive Reinforcement

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29
Q

What are the 5 types of Positive Rx

EATSS

A 
Edible
Activity
Tangible
Social
Sensory
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30
Q

Reduction or removal of stimulus that increases future freq of bx.

Type II reinforcement.

A

Negative Reinforcement

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31
Q

What are the 2 types of negative rx?

A

Escape and Avoidance

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32
Q

A response that STOPS and ongoing aversive stimulus.

A

Escape

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33
Q

A response that prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus.

A

Avoidance

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34
Q

What are the 2 types of avoidance ?

A

Discriminated and Free-operant avoidance.

35
Q

A signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is rx.

Warning or signal that a specific rx is available.

A

Discriminated avoidance.

36
Q

No warning.

Avoidance bx is free to occur at anytime.

A

Free-operant Avoidance

37
Q

No learning history.

Products of Phylogeny.

A stimulus change that can increase future freq of bx without pairing.

A

Unconditioned reinforcer/Reinforcement

UCR; Primary reinforcer; Unlearned reinforcer

38
Q

Learning history required.

Products of Ontogeny

Neutral stimulus acquires the ability to function as rx through stimulus-stimulus pairing.

A

Conditioned reinforcer

CR; Secondary reinforcer; Learned reinforcer

39
Q

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

AKA. GCSR; Generalized reinforcer

A

A type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many unconditioned and conditioned reinforcers.

money, tokens, social attn and praise.

40
Q

Response immediately followed by stimulus that decreases future freq of bx.

Defined by function not topography.

A

Punishment

AKA. Sd-; Sdp; Sp; Punishment-based Sd

41
Q

Equivalent to extinction for rx.

When punishment stops, its effects on the bx are not permanent.

A

Recovery from punishment

42
Q

Another name for an unpleasant stimulus?

A

Aversive stimulus

43
Q

A stimulus change the decreases the future freq of bx.

A

Punishment

44
Q

A process where the addition of stimulus decreases future freq of bx.

A

Positive Punishment

Type I punishment

45
Q

5 types of positive punishment interventions

ROSER

A 
Reprimands
Overcorrection
Shock
Exercise
Response blocking
46
Q

What are 2 types of overcorrection?

A

Restitutional: repair to original state and better

Positive practice overcorrection: Repeatedly practicing the correct form of a bx.

47
Q

A process.

Removal of a stimulus that decreases the future freq of a bx.

A

Negative Punishment

Type II punishment; Penalty principle; Penalty contingency

48
Q

What are the 2 main negative punishment procedures?

A

Time-out and response cost

49
Q

Loss of a specific amount of reinforcement contingent on bx.

A

Response cost

50
Q

2 types of response costs

A

Bonus and direct fines

51
Q

make additional non-contingent rx available to the individual and then take those away

A

Bonus response cost

52
Q

Direct loss of positive reinforcers

A

Direct fines

53
Q

2 types of time-out ?

A

Non-exclusionary and exclusionary

54
Q

Individual not removed from the space.

preferred method.

less restrictive.

A

Non-exclusionary Time-out

55
Q

4 types of non-exclusionary time-out?

IWOR A Ribbon

A

Ignoring

Withdrawal of specific rx
(take pref item away)

Observation/Contingent observation (repositioned in room)

Ribbon time-out (ribbon on=rx , ribbon off= no rx)

56
Q

The individual is removed from space

A

Exclusionary time-out

57
Q

3 types of exclusionary time-out?

RPH

A

Room / Time-out room

Partition time-out

Hallway time-out

58
Q

Stimulus change that decreases future freq of bx irrespective of organisms learning history with the stimulus.

Product of phylogeny.

No learning history required.

A

Unconditioned Punishers/ Punishment

AKA. UCPs; Primary punishers; Unlearned punishers

59
Q

Previous neutral stimulus, now functions as a punisher.

Learning history required.

Products of Ontogeny.

A

Conditioned Punishers/ Punishment

AKA. CPs; secondary punishers, Learned punishers

60
Q

Type of conditioned punisher that has been paired with MANY unconditioned and conditioned punishers.

Do not depend on MO for effectiveness.

Likely to be punishing at anytime. (reprimands, social disapproval)

A

Generalized conditioned punishers

AKA. generalized punishers

61
Q

Verbal pairing procedure.

Where neutral stimulus can become conditioned punishers or reinforcers for humans without direct pairing.

A

Verbal Analog Conditioning

62
Q

Nothing taken away, just no longer rx.

Previously reinforced response is discontinued; bx decreases in the future.

A

Extinction

63
Q

What are unwanted effects of extinction?

A

Extinction bursts

Extinction induced aggression

Difficult and/or dangerous to ignore challenging bx’s

64
Q

3 types of extinction ?

PAN

A

Positive reinforcement

Automatic reinforcement
(aka. Sensory extinction)

Negative reinforcement
(aka. Escape extinction)

65
Q

An immediate increase in the freq of responding when an extinction procedure is 1st
implemented.

A

Extinction Burst

66
Q

What 6 things can cause resistance to extinction ?

A
  1. long history of rx
  2. intermittent schedules of rx
  3. high quality rx
  4. large amount of rx
  5. response requiring little effort
  6. # of previous extinction trials.
67
Q

Involves withholding rx when the bx occurs.

A

Operant extinction

68
Q

Involves the unpairing of a CS and a US

A

Respondent conditioning

69
Q

Response rx only in presence of specific stimulus and not in the presence of other stimuli.

A

Stimulus control

70
Q

What skills must be taught before stimulus control?

A

Pre-attending skills

71
Q

prominence of the stimulus in a persons environment

A

Stimulus salience

72
Q

What 2 things is stimulus salience affected by?

A

Masking and overshadowing

73
Q

Stimulus has stimulus control but a competing stimulus blocks the evocative function of a stimulus.

(Ex. he knows answers to teachers questions but will not answer in front of peers)

A

Masking

74
Q

Presence of 1 stimulus condition interferes with the acquisition of stimulus control by another stimulus

A

Overshadowing

75
Q
  • lets you know when rx is available.
  • response rx in the presence of and in the absence of; not reinforced

-

A

Discriminative Stimulus

76
Q

A stimulus in the presence of which a given bx has not produced rx in the past.

-does not always have to be 0 rx, can be lesser quality or amount of rx.

A

Stimulus delta

77
Q

Stimuli that are similar to the original Sd evoke the same responses as the original Sd.

-Loose degree of control

A

Stimulus Generalization

78
Q

Occurs when new stimuli do NOT evoke the same response as the controlling stimuli.

-tight degree of control

A

Stimulus Discrimination

79
Q

A procedure in where responses are reinforced in the presence of 1 stimulus condition (the Sd) but NOT in the presence of another (S delta).

A

Stimulus Discrimination Training

AKA. Discrimination training

80
Q
  • A product of both stimulus generalization and discrimination.
  • NOT mentalism
  • Individual must be able to discriminate what is included and excluded from that same stimulus class.
A

Concept

AKA. Concept formation; Concept acquisition

81
Q

An antecedent evokes or abates the behavior

A

Simple Discrimination

82
Q

Selecting a comparison stimulus corresponding to a sample stimulus.

A

Matching to sample

83
Q

what is it called when the sample and comparison stimuli are physically the same?

A

Identity Matching to Sample

84
Q
  • relation between the sample and comparison stimuli is arbitrary
  • matching the words BABY to the picture of a baby
A

Symbolic Matching to Sample

BCBA Exam (3 decks)

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