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BCBA Exam > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

A

• A scientific approach

• Reliably influence socially significant
Bx

  • Evidence based
  • A technology of bx change
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2
Q

What is Science?

A

A systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge of the natural world.

Based on Determinism.

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3
Q

What is the Purpose of Science?

A

Achieve thorough understanding of the phenomena under study.

*In ABA the phenomena are Socially Important Bx

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4
Q

What are the 3 levels of scientific understanding?

Dana Priya Can

A

Description, Prediction, Control

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5
Q

what is description?

A
  • not causal explanations

- Systematic observations that can be quantified and classified.

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6
Q

What is prediction (Aka. Correlation; Covariation) ?

A
  • 2 events may occur at the same time, but does not mean 1 causes the other.
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7
Q

What is control (AKA. Causation) ?

A
  • Functional relation
  • The highest level of scientific understanding
  • Manipulating 1 IV results in a DV
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8
Q

What are the 6 attitudes of science/ Philosophical assumptions of Bx (DEER PP)?

A 
Determinism
Empiricism
Experimentation
Replication 
Parsimony
Philosophical Doubts
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9
Q

What is determinism?

*(within The 6 attitudes of science)

A
  • Cause and Effect
  • Lawfulness ; If/then statements
  • The world is orderly and predictable
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10
Q

What is Empiricism?

*(within The 6 attitudes of science)

A
  • The FACTS
  • Experimental, data-based scientific approach
  • Objective quantification and DETAILED description of events.
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11
Q

What is Experimentation (AKA. Experimental Analysis) ?

*(within The 6 attitudes of science)

A
  • Manipulating variables to see effect on DV
  • All variables be controlled except DV
  • An assessment to see if 1 event caused another
  • Basic strategy of most sciences
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12
Q

What is Replication?

*(within The 6 attitudes of science)

A
  • Repeating experiments
  • Method used to determine RELIABILITY
  • How scientists discover mistakes.
  • science is Self-correcting
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13
Q

What is Parsimony?

*(within The 6 attitudes of science)

A
  • The simplest theory
  • All simple and logical must be ruled out first
  • Helps scientist fit finding into existing knowledge base.
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14
Q

What is Philosophical Doubt?

*( within The 6 attitudes of science)

A

-Having a healthy skepticism and a critical eye about the results of studies and work with clients.

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15
Q

What are The 7 Dimensions of ABA (AKA. Behavior Modification) ?

A 
Behavioral 
Applied
Technological
Conceptually Systematic
Analytical 
Generality
Effective
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16
Q

Who defined The 7 Dimensions of ABA and in which year?

A

Baer, Wolf and Risely in 1968 during the first edition of JABA.

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17
Q

What is Behavioral ?

*(within the 7 dimensions of ABA)

A
  • Observable events

- Bx one chooses must be the bx in need of improvement

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18
Q

What is applied ?

*(within the 7 dimensions of ABA)

A
  • ABA improves everyday life of clients
  • Improves SOCIALLY SIGNIFICANT behavior
  • Also helps significant others
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19
Q

What is Technological?

*( within the 7 dimensions of ABA)

A
  • Defines clearly and in detail so that they are REPLICABLE
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20
Q

What is conceptually systematic ?

*(within the 7 dimensions of ABA)

A

-All procedures used should be tied to the basic principles from which they derived.

21
Q

What is Analytical (Aka. Functional relation; Experimentation; Control; Causation) ?

*(within the 7 dimensions of ABA)

A
  • A functional relationship is demonstrated
  • Ultimate issue is believability
  • Describes when experimenter has demonstrated a functional relation between manipulated events and reliable change in target bx.
22
Q

what is generality (AKA. Generalization) ?

*(within The 7 dimensions of ABA)

A

-Bx change across time, settings, or other bx.

23
Q

What is the definition of Effective?

*(within The 7 dimensions of ABA)

A

-Improves bx in a practical manner, not just making a change that is statistically significant.

24
Q

What is Mentalism (Aka. Spiritual, Psychic; Subjective; Feelings ; Attitudes ; Processing) ?

A
  • Traditional Psychology
  • An approach to explaining bx that assumes an inner dimension exists and causes bx.
    ex. Freud, talk therapy, LMFT.
25
Q

What are Hypothetical Constructs (AKA. Imaginary Constructs) ?

A
  • Presumed but Unobserved entities.

ex. Free will, readiness.

26
Q

What are Explanatory Fictions ?

A
  • Fictitious variables that are another name for the observed bx and contribute nothing to understanding bx.
  • Words like “knows, wants, figures out”
27
Q

What is circular reasoning?

A

The cause and effect are both inferred from the same info.

ex. He cried bc he felt sad.

28
Q

What is Behaviorism?

A
  • The philosophy of the science of Bx
  • Environmental explanation of bx (NOT MENTALISTIC)
  • Emerged in the 20th century due to reaction to mentalistic psychology.
29
Q

What are the 4 branches of Behavior Analysis?

CASE

A
  • Conceptual Analysis of bx (AKA. Behaviorism) = philosophy
  • ABA = bx analysts that assess, monitor, evaluate; create bx change.
  • Behavior service delivery = People implementing ABA who are NOT bcba or bcaba
  • Experimental analysis of bx = Research on basic processes and principles. Lab work.
30
Q

What is Ivan Pavlov known for ?

A
  • Respondent conditioning with dogs.

- 1906 published his first studies.

31
Q

What is John Watson known for ?

A
  • 1913 1st person to describe behaviorism as formal system.
  • Methological behaviorism
  • 1920 little albert experiment (baby with bunny)
32
Q

What is Burrhus Skinner known for ?

A

-1938 radical behaviorism (includes private events)

33
Q

How did skinner come up with Radical Behaviorism?

A

he referenced Darwinian selectionism and pragmatism.

34
Q

What is Darwinian Selectionism (AKA. Selection by consequences) ?

A
  • discusses a 3 term contingency with regard to species and survival.
  • bx that result in best outcomes are selected and survive.
  • selection by consequences operates during the lifetime of the individual (Ontogeny).
35
Q

What is pragmatism?

A
  • A probability AB-because of -c philosophy.
  • the relation between the setting (A) and the bx (B), is because of the consequence (C).

-Developed by Charles pierce and William James.

36
Q

What are the 2 primary types of Behavior ?

A

Respondent and Operant

37
Q

what is respondent bx (Aka. Reflex; reflexive; unconditioned stimulus- unconditioned response)?

A
  • Its elicited (brought out by antecedent stimuli)
  • involuntary
  • Reflex (part of organism genetic endowment)
  • Habituation
38
Q

What is a reflex ?

A
  • A respondent bx

- The US and the bx it produced (UR) that is part of the organisms genetic endowment.

39
Q

What is habituation ?

A
  • Eliciting stimulus presented repeatedly over a SHORT time, the strength of respondent bx diminishes.
    ex. the startle response to a loud noise diminishes with repeated exposure.
40
Q

What are Phylogenic/Phylogeny?

A
  • Behavior that is inherited genetically

- Respondent bx is due to phylogenic history

41
Q

What is respondent CONDITIONING (AKA. Classical conditioning ) ?

A
  • When new stimuli acquire the ability to elicit respondents
  • Think Ivan Pavlov
42
Q

Tell me about Operant Behavior (AKA. S-R-S model; 3 term contingency; ABC) ?

hint: everything we do in ABA is operant.

A
  • Emit / Evoke
  • Any bx whose probability of occurance is determined by history of consequences.
  • Voluntary action
  • Defined in terms of their functions
  • NOT defined by topography (what it looks like)
  • Encompasses both Rx and Punishment
  • Adaptation
43
Q

What is adaptation ?

A
  • reductions in responding evoked by an antecedent stimulus over repeated or prolonged presentations.
    ex. A client no longer reacts to the presence of an observer.
44
Q

What is Ontogenic / Ontogeny ?

A
  • Learning that results from an organisms interaction with their ENVIRONMENT.
  • Operant bx is due to Ontogenic history.
45
Q

what is an Operant Contingency ?

AKA. Behavioral contingency; Contingency; 3 term contingency; ABC

A
  • The occasion for the response (The Sd), the response, and the outcome of the response.
  • The dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrance of the bx.
  • when a rx is said to be CONTINGENT upon a bx, the bx must be emitted for the consequence to occur.
46
Q

What is the primary unit of analysis in ABA?

A
  • the 3 term contingency (ABC)
47
Q

What is Contiguity ?

A

-When 2 stimuli occur close together IN TIME, resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli.

48
Q

What is not bx?

A

-The dead mans test. if a dead man can do it, its not behavior.

ex. Being hungry is NOT bx
Being blown over by strong winds is NOT bx
Getting wet is NOT bx

49
Q

What are the 3 principles of BX?

PER

A

Punishment
Extinction
Reinforcement

BCBA Exam (3 decks)

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