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ABCFP FIT Module 4d - Other Legislation > Section 2 & 3 - Wildland Fire & Private Managed Forest Land > Flashcards

Section 2 & 3 - Wildland Fire & Private Managed Forest Land Flashcards

1
Q

The MFLNRORD manages ______ to mitigate negative impacts to communities, critical infrastructure and natural resource inventories on both crown and private land base

A

Wildland fire

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2
Q

Wildland fire references any _______ fire that occurs in the wildland

A

non-structure

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3
Q

Wildland fire types include

A
  1. Wildfire
  2. Wildland fire use
  3. Prescribed fire
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4
Q

A wildfire is:

A

Any unwanted wildland fire

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5
Q

Prescribed fire terminology can be found here:

A

National Wildfire Coordinating Group – Glossary of Wildland Fire Terminology – Oct 2006

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6
Q

Wildfire response and prevention is primarily focused on protecting:

A
  1. Lives
  2. Property
  3. Critical Infrastructure
  4. Government Forest Assets, particular timber
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7
Q

Fire management is defined by:

A

Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre 2002 glossary

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8
Q

CIFCC

A

Canadian Interagency Forest Fire Centre

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9
Q

Fire management is defined by the CIFCC as:

A

Activities concerned with protection of people, property and forest areas from wildfire and the use of prescribed burning for the attainment of forest management and other land use objectives, all conducted in a manner that considers environmental, social and economic criteria

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10
Q

Does forest management include prescribed burning?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Prescribed burning is used for:

A

Attainment of forest management and other land use objectives

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12
Q

Prescribed burning must consider _____, _____, and _____ criteria

A
  1. Environmental
  2. Social
  3. Economic
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13
Q

______ is a holistic approach that incorporates land management with integration of fire regimes and fire effects

A

Fire management

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14
Q

Fire management includes _____ treatments to achieve a stated reduction in wildfire risk or other objectives

A

Fuel management

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15
Q

Balancing natural role and benefits of wildland fire with risk of wildfires represents a complex challenge, made more difficult by;

A
  1. Public expectation of the role of wildfire
  2. Increasing wildfire threat
  3. Forest health
  4. Increased human settlement and activity in forested areas
  5. Effects of climate change
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16
Q

Managing wildland fire occurs in BC through a combination of ___ and ____

A
  1. policy

2. legislation

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17
Q

Main policy and legislation that covers wildland fire:

A
  1. Wildfire Act

2. Wildfire Regulation

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18
Q

Wildland fire management occurs primarily by ____ in partnership with ______

A
  1. BC Wildfire Service Branch

2. MFLNRORD

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19
Q

BCWS

A

BC Wildfire Service

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20
Q

Professionals have a role to play including:

A
  1. Operating at a time and manner that does not contribute to start or spread or fire
  2. Planning and scheduling harvest and silviculture activities to mitigate impacts of wildfire on adjacent areas and timber supply
  3. Accessing and abating a fire hazard created during industrial or high risk activities
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21
Q

Vision of the BC Wildfire Service is to achieve excellence in:

A
  1. Wildfire mgmt.

2. Response services

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22
Q

BC Wildfire Service Strategic Plan (2012-2017) sets out the ____, ____, ____and _____ of the organization

A
  1. Mandate
  2. Vision
  3. Mission
  4. Values
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23
Q

BC Wildfire Service Strategic Plan (2012-2017) also provides _____ and _____ for wildfire management

A
  1. Strategic goals

2. Priorities

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24
Q

Landscape ________ has been identified as a priority in the BC Forest Sector Strategy

A

fire management planning

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25
Q

The overall goal of fire management planning is to create fire resilient _____ and _______

A

communities and landscapes

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26
Q

Fire management planning aims to create fire resilient communities and landscapes through coordinated ______to mitigate fire impacts on priority values

A

planning and implementation of treatments

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27
Q

Fire management as defined by CIFCC:

A

Systematic, technological and administrative mgmt. process of determining the org, facilities, resources and procedures required to protect people, property and forest areas from fire and to use fire to accomplish forest mgmt. and other land use objectives.

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28
Q

Fuel mgmt. refers to:

A

Mechanical biomass removal & site prep of forest stands in order to modify potential fire behavior in fire-prone stands

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29
Q

Appropriate fuel treatment depends on ___________

A

the forest type at hand

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30
Q

Fuel management treatments include:

A
  1. Thinning
  2. Pile burning
  3. Mulching
  4. Prescribed fire
  5. Stimulating growth of less flammable species such as deciduous
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31
Q

At the same time as managing fuel it is also important to balance other resources such as

A
  1. VQ
  2. Air quality
  3. Wildlife habitat
  4. Water
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32
Q

The long-term goal of the WFMS is to balance _____, ______, and _______ interests w/ the need to restore ecosystem resilience in areas w/ a recurring fire disturbance regime

A
  1. Social
  2. Economic
  3. Ecological
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33
Q

A strong paradigm shift in fire mgmt. practices will require _____ and _____

A
  1. Education

2. Public support

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34
Q

Implementation of the WFMS will result in

A

healthier forest and range ecosystems

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35
Q

Healthier forest and range ecosystems create

A
  1. Communities that are less at risk from wildfire impacts

2. More cost-effective fire suppression program

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36
Q

A WFMS will be achieved by adopting a proactive approach to:

A
  1. Reduce fire hazards & risks
  2. Carefully use controlled burning
  3. Monitor & manage, rather than suppress, forest that are of minimal risk to communities, infrastructure or resource values.
  4. Implement land, NR & community planning that incorporates mgmt. of wildland fire
  5. Develop a high level of public awareness and support for wildland fire mgmt.
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37
Q

Can allowing or starting fires in a planned way help Canadians avoid catastrophic fire daamge?

A

Yes

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38
Q

The Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy was established by

A

Canadian Council of Forest Ministers (CCFM)

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39
Q

CWFS

A

Canadian Wildland Fire Strategy

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40
Q

CWFS is based on improving & implementing well-developed and emerging techniques & tech from Canada & other countries. It includes:

A
  1. Public education
  2. National FireSmart program
  3. Fuel mgmt. through strategic fire use
  4. Training, infrastructure and tech
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41
Q

Proactively dealing w/ fire threat requires ___, ____ and ____

A
  1. Policy dev
  2. Investment
  3. Broad participation
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42
Q

Do obligations under the Wildfire Act and Regulation apply to private land?

A

Yes. Wildfire Act & Regulations apply to both Crown and private land.

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43
Q

The key objective of the Wildfire Act is to clearly define the specific responsibilities of all users of forest lands & grasslands w/ respect to wildfire mgmt. including ____, ____, ____ and _____

A
  1. Fire use
  2. Prevention
  3. Control operations
  4. Rehabilitation
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44
Q

The Wildfire act allows the minister to establish policies and priorities for________

A

the efficient use of fire-fighting resources of the gov’t

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45
Q

The Wildfire Act establishes a _______ approach to fire prevention and limits prescriptive regulations for industrial activities

A

results-based

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46
Q

The Wildfire Regulation provides the following:

A
  1. Interpretation
  2. Fire prevention prescriptions
  3. Control responsibilities
  4. Direction on the use of fire
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47
Q

The Wildfire Act & Regulation applies to:

A
  1. Crown land, including Provincial Parks & protected areas
  2. Private lands not regulated by govt bylaws w/ respect to the use of open fire
  3. All industrial ops including forest industry, utility transmission, mining & railway ops
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48
Q

Key objective of the Wildfire Act is to clearly define the specific responsibilities of all users of forest lands and grass lands w/ respect to wildfire mgmt. including _____, _____, _____ and _____

A
  1. Fire use
  2. Prevention
  3. Control operations
  4. Rehabilitations
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49
Q

Wildfire Act sec. 7 defines a requirement for a person carrying out an industrial activity to both ____ and _____ fire hazards to have been created by the industrial activity

A

assess and abate

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50
Q

A primary harvester is relieved from having to abate an area if there is a _____ or a _____ issued to a secondary harvester on a portion of the same tenure area

A
  1. Residue Forestry Licence to Cut

2. Fibre Recovery Permit

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51
Q

Wildfire Regulation secs. 11, 12, 12.1 & 12.2 define prescribed _____, _____, and _____ for which the fire hazard must be assessed and abated for specified categories of persons

A
  1. Activities
  2. Circumstances
  3. Intervals
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52
Q

Specific categories of persons include

A
  1. General pop
  2. Qualified holders
  3. Fibre recovery tenure holders
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53
Q

Does the Wildfire Regulation sec 11 state hazards assessments were amended to relieve the primary tenure holder from having to conduct hazard assessments if a secondary tenure has been issued?

A

Yes

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54
Q

Wildfire Reg sec 12.2 sets out the obligations for secondary harvesters with respect to the ____ and extent to which a fibre recovery tenure holder must abate

A

Limitation periods

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55
Q

Wildfire Reg sec 33 has been amended to specify the amount that can be awarded in the event there is a contravention of the Wildfire Act with respect to the terms of _____

A

Hazard abatement obligations and responsibilitites

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56
Q

Requirement to rehabilitate was originally noted in the ________ Forest Fire and Prevention Regulations

A

Forest Practices Code

57
Q

Was the requirement to rehabilitate included in the drafting and passing of the Wildfire Act and Wildfire Regulation?

A

Yes

58
Q

The requirement to rehabilitate was included in the drafting and passing of the _____ and ______

A
  1. Wildfire Act

2. Wildfire Regulation

59
Q

Industry and government are required to rehabilitate areas affected by _____

A

wildfire control activitites

60
Q

Rehabilitation includes the requirement to:

A
  1. Conduct a fire hazard assessment
  2. Prepare a site rehabilitation plan
  3. Implement the measures identified in the plan
61
Q

Wildfire control activities may include:

A
  1. Temporary Access Roads
  2. Fuel Breaks
  3. Fire Breaks
  4. Land disturbance
  5. Forest harvesting
62
Q

It is good practice to ensure that ____, ____ and ____ are best located to provide a fire control objective and not affect environmental values

A
  1. Roads
  2. Fuel breaks
  3. Fire breaks
63
Q

Open burning is used in a wide variety of situations in BC, including:

A
  1. Forestry resource management
  2. Fire hazard abatement
  3. Land clearing for development
  4. Land clearing for agriculture
  5. Residential/backyard burns
64
Q

Open burning is a significant contributor to emissions of _____, ______ and ______

A
  1. PM2.5
  2. Nitrogen oxides
  3. Volatile organic compounds
65
Q

Overall goal of smoke management in BC is to:

A

Reduce health risks by minimizing human exposure to smoke from biomass burning

66
Q

Three main strategies for reducing human exposure to smoke are:

A
  1. Reducing emissions from biomass burning
  2. Ensuring emissions from biomass burning occur in times & places where dispersion is good
  3. Warning citizens of high levels of smoke and other pollution when they occur & advising appropriate actions to minimize exposure
67
Q

EMA

A

Environmental Management Act (EMA)

68
Q

Ability to introduce waste into the environment is governed through

A

Environmental Management Act secs 6(2) and 6(3)

69
Q

EMA section 6(5)(a) allows waste to be introduced into the environment if the discharge is governed by a:

A
  1. Permit
  2. Approval
  3. Order
  4. Regulation and
  5. Waste Management Plan approved by the minister
70
Q

Is the open burning of vegetative debris allowed?

A

Yes, if it complies with a regulation/permit/approval.

71
Q

Open burning is

A

Combustion of material w/ or w/o control of the combustion air and w/o a stack or chimney

72
Q

Debris is

A

Disturbed of undisturbed vegetative matter targeted for mgmt or disposal by open burning.

73
Q

_____ is a measure of the atmosphere’s ability to disperse smoke emissions and is available either from Environment Canada or from the provincial government

A

Ventilation Index

74
Q

VI (Ventilation Index) is available from

A
  1. Environment Canada

2. Provincial Government

75
Q

VI

A

Ventilation Index

76
Q

____ and _____ within the mixing height affect how smoke is dispersed

A
  1. Atmospheric stability

2. Wind speed

77
Q

VI forecast must be ____ for the day any open burn is initiated and ___ or ___ for the second day

A
  1. Good on the first day

2. Good or Fair for the second day

78
Q

More debris must not be added to the open burning if weather conditions change so that:

A
  1. VI becomes poor
  2. Winds make smoke dispersion inadequate
  3. Inversion occurs (trapping smoke near the surface)
79
Q

OBSCR allows a director to prohibit open burning in an area for up to _____ if, in the opinion of the director, open burning is causing pollution as defined in EMA

A

1 month

80
Q

Best management techniques focus on creating

A

A rapid, hot burn that minimizes total emissions and minimizes the smoke release period

81
Q

Why is a shorter smoke release period advantageous?

A

Reduces the chances of weather conditions changing

82
Q

Best management practices that go beyond the current regulatory requirements of OBSCR are:

A
  1. Burn only dry seasoned vegetative debris
  2. Pile construction
  3. Rapid ignition
  4. Restacking piles
  5. Consideration of wind direction
83
Q

Seasoning debris in a pile for ___ to ____ months over the summer is ideal

A

4 to 6

84
Q

Vegetative debris piles can be seasoned over the winter if they are covered by a

A

waterproof coating

85
Q

Pile construction mainly assists in reducing _____

A

smoke

86
Q

Two best practices for pile construction include:

A
  1. Minimizing soil
  2. Minimizing stumps
  3. Build tall piles
87
Q

Rapid ignition can be assisted with accelerant materials such as:

A
  1. Cardboard
  2. Dry wood pieces
  3. Diesel
  4. Drip torches
  5. Leaf blowers
88
Q

_______ is a BC Assessment property classification that is intended to encourage private land owners to manage their lands for long-term forest production

A

Managed forest land

89
Q

There are apprx. ______Ha of private managed forest land in the province

A

822,000

90
Q

In 2015 ___ cubic metres were harvested

A

4.7 million

91
Q

4.7 million cubic metres represents appx. ___ of the province’s total harvest

A

7%

92
Q

PMFL Act

A

Private Managed Forest Land Act

93
Q

PMFL Act & regs apply to _____ classed as ___under the Assessment Act

A

private managed forest classed as managed forest land

94
Q

The PMFL Land Act does not apply to:

A
  1. TFLs
  2. WL licences
  3. Community forest agreement areas
95
Q

TFLs, woodlot licenses and community forest agreements are regulated by

A

FRPA

96
Q

MFC

A

Managed Forest Council

97
Q

Which is the lead agency responsible for administering the PMFL Act & Regs?

A

Managed Forest Council

98
Q

Who does the MFC report to?

A

Minister of FLNRORD

99
Q

Managed Forest Council’s powers and limitations are set out in the _____

A

PMFL Act

100
Q

Objective of the MFC is to encourage forest mgmt. practices on private managed forest land that take into account ___, ____ and ____ benefits of those practices

A
  1. Social
  2. Environmental
  3. Economic
101
Q

Is private managed forest land legislation results-based?

A

Yes

102
Q

Private managed forest land legislation places obligation on owners to carry out forest operations in accordance with the ______

A

PMFL Act

103
Q

Is there statutory requirement for a private managed forest land owner to submit plans to the council?

A

No

104
Q

Does the MFC approve operational plans?

A

No

105
Q

Does the MFC issue permits?

A

No

106
Q

Are owner plans subject to public review and comment?

A

No

107
Q

Owners are bound by the planning requirements of the ____ and ____

A
  1. Water Sustainability Act

2. Federal Fisheries Act

108
Q

When crossings or in-stream works are planned, a notification and application under the Water Sustainability Act must be submitted to the _____

A

Ministry of Environment

109
Q

MoE

A

Ministry of Environment

110
Q

DFO

A

Department of Fisheries and Oceans

111
Q

Who must be consulted when operations that may directly or indirectly affect an anadromous fish stream are being proposed?

A

Department of Fisheries and Oceans

112
Q

Examples of ops that may directly or indirectly affect an anadromous fish stream are:

A
  1. Upgrading a stream crossing

2. Repairing an existing road section within a riparian area

113
Q

The key public environmental values that the managed forest legislation is intended to protect are:

A
  1. Soil conservation
  2. Water quality
  3. Fish habitat
  4. Critical wildlife habitat
  5. Reforestation
114
Q

Water quality protection includes protecting ______ both during and after harvesting

A

human drinking water

115
Q

Fish habitat protection includes retaining sufficient _____ and _____ both during and after harvesting to protect streamside habitat

A
  1. Streamside mature trees

2. Understory vegetation

116
Q

Soil conservation protection includes protecting soil productivity on areas where harvesting has been carried out by minimizing amount of area occupied by:

A
  1. Permanent roads
  2. Landings
  3. Excavated trails
  4. Bladed trails
117
Q

PMFL Acts & regulations are consistent with forest mgmt. objectives and address:

A
  1. Road maintenance
  2. Construction
  3. Deactivation
  4. Stream bank protection
  5. Stream channel protection
  6. Retention of merch & non-merch trees
  7. Understory veg adjacent to streams
  8. Protection of licensed water supply intakes
118
Q

Does the PMFL regs define minimum reforestation densities?

A

Yes

119
Q

Is the minister responsible for the Wildlife Act able to establish critical wildlife habitat on an owners land where there is an absence of suitable habitat on adjoining Crown land?

A

Yes

120
Q

Private Managed Forest Land Act provides for the protection of

A
  1. Public environmental values
  2. Critical wildlife habitat
  3. Species at risk
  4. Water quality
121
Q

PMFL Council Regulation lays out owner requirements with regards to:

A
  1. Soil conservation
  2. Structures & activities near streams
  3. Water supply areas
  4. Fish streams
  5. Reforestation
122
Q

Legislation pertinent to forest practices on private managed forest land includes:

A
  1. Environmental Management Act
  2. Water Sustainability Act
  3. Drinking Water Protection Act
  4. Wildlife Act
  5. Fisheries Act
  6. Forest Act
  7. Assessment Act
123
Q

The managed forest regulatory model has been described as a ____

A

modified results-based system

124
Q

Does the managed forest regulatory model define specific standards?

A

Yes

125
Q

Does the managed forest regulatory model establish owner requirements?

A

Yes

126
Q

Specific standards under the managed forest regulatory model include

A
  1. Number of trees to be retained adjacent to certain classes of fish streams
  2. Tree density required for restocking and regen
  3. Width of riparian buffer
127
Q

Owners applying for managed forest land property assessment class must submit a _____

A

Management commitment

128
Q

Who do management commitments need to be submitted to?

A

The council that establishes the owner’s forest mgmt. objectives & strategies

129
Q

Are owners required to report their forest mgmt. activities to the council?

A

Yes

130
Q

How often are owners required to report their forest mgmt. activities to the council?

A

Annually

131
Q

What kinds of forest mgmt. activities need to be submitted annually to the council?

A
  1. Harvesting
  2. Road building
  3. Maintenance
  4. Deactivation
  5. Reforestation success
132
Q

Is there an agency approval process under the PMFL Act?

A

No

133
Q

Is there a continuous monitoring oversight under the PMFL Act?

A

No

134
Q

Evaluation of owner performance is conducted through:

A
  1. In response to public inquiries
  2. Verification monitoring against an owner’s annual declarations
  3. Council initiated inspections or site visits
  4. Independent, third part forest practices audits
135
Q

If an inquiry is received from the public regarding an owner’s performance, what can be done by the council?

A
  1. Inspection of investigation
136
Q

If a problem is found with an owner’s performance, the emphasis is on _____ and _____

A
  1. Correcting the error

2. Mitigating the damage

137
Q

Are there administrative penalties and measures under the PMLF?

A

Yes.

138
Q

Under what conditions can administrative penalties and measures under the PMLF be invoked?

A
  1. Significant environmental damages

2. Poor standard of care

ABCFP FIT Module 4d - Other Legislation (5 decks)

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