Section 2, 1789 - 1792

Question 1

Who were the Sans Culottes?

Answer 1

Revolutionary urban workers who agreed with the National Assembly, but were unable to pay for the uniform required by the national guard

Question 2

What was the Storming of the Bastille?

Answer 2

July 1789
Sans Culottes stormed the Bastille prison both to attack its image as a political suppressor, and to obtain the gunpowder and arms stored there for revolutionary purposes
Set a precedent for the violence of the rev

Question 3

What was the Great Fear?

Answer 3

July - Aug 1789
Hysteria surrounding the price of bread leads to the radicalisation of a large number of citizens

Question 4

What were the August Decrees?

Answer 4

4th Aug 1789
Abolition of feudalism: declare an end to the feudal system, spurred on by the great fear in the months prior
The national assembly officially declaring orders of their own

Question 5

What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?

Answer 5

Aug 1789
Drafted by Jefferson, Laffayette and Sieyes
Declared what the national assembly deemed human rights, which became a testament to the values of the French rev:
Equality of all men
Preservation of the rights of liberty, property, security
Resistance to oppression
No imprisonment outside of the law
Freedom of speech
Property rights

Question 6

What were the October days?

Answer 6

1789
Following a food shortage, and in response to the high price of bread, Parisian Frenchwomen storm Versailles and force Louis to move to the Tuileries palace in Paris, where he could be more involved in the political issues

Question 7

Why were Church Lands seized by the National Constituent Assembly?

Answer 7

1789
Part of the dismantling of Feudalism

Question 8

What was the new currency introduced in 1789?

Answer 8

The Assignat was issued to facilitate sales of the acquired church land

Question 9

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

Answer 9

June 1790
National Assembly reorganisation of the church & made subservient to the state
Damages relations between the Vatican and the new gov

Question 10

What was the Oath to Civil Constitution?

Answer 10

Nov 1790
In an effort to ensure national conformity, all priests had to swear allegiance to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy
A great number don’t, and suffer consequences (refractory priests)

Question 11

What was the establishment of the Departments?

Answer 11

1790
Prior to the rev, France was divided into provinces, each with their own systems of taxation and law, and with their own administrative structures
National assembly divided the nation into 83 departments, divided based on size, population and resource availability
Each had a degree of autonomy, with their own local gov, but more significant laws and reforms would apply to all departments

Question 12

When was the abolition of titles of Nobility?

Answer 12

June 1791
Nobles have titles and privileges removed

Question 13

What was the Le Chapelier Law?

Answer 13

1791
Bans workers unionisation and strikes
Shows the overriding Bourgeois interests

Question 14

What was the Flight to Varennes?

Answer 14

June 1791
Louis attempts to flee with his family to seek refuge in another monarchal nation, but is caught and sent back to Paris
This event, paired with the note louis left on his bed, stating his certainty of the failure of the constitutional monarchy, put little faith in the people relating to his capability as a constitutional monarch

Question 15

What was the Champ de Mars Massacre?

Answer 15

July 1791
Protest by republican radicals at Champ de Mars against the king following his attempted escape
They get shot down by the national guard headed by Lafayette, highlighting internal divisions

Question 16

What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?

Answer 16

Aug 1791
Prussian and Austrian/Holy Roman Imperial Monarchs state their desire for Louis’ privileges to be reinstated
Austria would go to war if all other European countries involved also did so
Threat to the revolutionaries

Question 17

What was the ban on emigration 1791?

Answer 17

Intended to stop nobility from fleeing, following the flight to Varennes, the national assembly prohibits emigration out of France
Makes the new government appear oppressive to commonfolk

Question 18

When was Constitutional Monarchy established?

Answer 18

Sep 1791
New gov, limits powers of king to 6month vetoes of actions decided on by the Legislative assembly

Question 19

What was the book of penal laws introduced in October 1791?

Answer 19

In line with the declaration of the rights of man and citizen
Dictated set punishments for set crimes that a judge was to impose, not decide
Departs from the more open ended Ancien system, which gave judges a lot more power

Question 20

What were the November 1791 decrees against Emigres and Refractory Priests?

Answer 20

Emigres (mostly noblemen who’d fled the country) were to suffer penalties, mainly pertaining to loss of land and property
Refractory priests (those who didn’t swear the oath) were to be sacked and/or deported

Question 21

What was significant about the war declared on Austria?

Answer 21

April 1792
Puts the Constitutional Monarchy at war, despite the king’s relations
Became the War of the First Coalition
Warfare expensive
New government on rough footing with foreign powers

Question 22

What were Louis’ three vetoes when were they?

Answer 22

May to June 1792
The assembly vote on the passing of three bills:
Deportation of refractory priests
Dispansion of the king’s foot soldiers, who appeared to celebrate the military setbacks against Austria
Establishment of a Federe camp of volunteer soldiers
Frustrates Convention

Question 23

Why were Girondin ministers dismissed in June 1792?

Answer 23

Following struggles in the war with Austria, Girondins, the more moderate political group, became more upset
Subsequently ejected from the legislative assembly once they started making anti-rev noises

Question 24

What was the Sans Culottes’ storming of the Tuileries?

Answer 24

June 1792
Radicals wanting a republic, following Louis lack of cooperation, storm his palace in Paris in an attempt to capture him
He escapes

Question 25

What was the La Patrie en Danger?

Answer 25

July 1792
Legislative Assembly declare that the nation needs help to stop the Austrian & Prussian forces at war with France

Question 26

What was the Brunswick Manifesto?

Answer 26

July 1792
Austrian General Brunswick declares his intent to decimate Paris if the royal family are harmed

Question 27

What was the second storming of the Tuileries?

Answer 27

Aug 1792
Sans culotte reaction to the Brunswick Manifesto
Louis seeking refuge with the Legislative assembly
100s of the king’s men (Swiss Guards) and 400 SC’s die during the ensuing battle
After this, the King’s rights are suspended

Question 28

What were the September 1792 massacres in Paris prisons?

Answer 28

Out of fear that foreign allies inside of French prisons would be freed or escape to join the fight against the rev, the sans culottes massacre Parisian prisoners, civilians and Catholic priests

Question 29

What was significant about the victory at Valmy?

Answer 29

20th Sep 1792
Revolutionary forces win the Battle of Valmy outside of Paris against coalition forces headed by General Brunswick, boosting national morale

Question 30

What officially ended the French monarchy?

Answer 30

21st Sep 1792
Creation of the National Convention
Spurred on by the victory at Valmy
The Legislative Assembly rename themselves the National Convention (National Assembly - Legislative Assembly - National Convention)
Louis is now removed from the equation, and France becomes a Republic