Section 2

Question 1

Scarborough’s Reading Rope:

Answer 1

1. background knowledge
2. vocabulary
3. language structures
4. verbal reasoning
5. literacy knowledge

Question 2

Pre-alphabetic

Answer 2

the earliest phase of literacy development, where individuals do not yet understand the relationship between letters and sounds

Question 3

partial alphabetic

Answer 3

a phase of literacy development where individuals begin to grasp the connection between letters and sounds

Question 4

full alphabetic

Answer 4

a more advanced phase of literacy development where individuals recognize most letter sound correspondences and can decode words by sounding out individual letters and blending them together

Question 5

consolidated alphabetic

Answer 5

a stage where skills or knowledge become firmly established and readers have mastered most letter sound correspondences and can decode words quickly and fluently

Question 6

structured literacy

Answer 6

an instructional approach that emphasizes explicit, systematic teaching of reading