section 2

Question 1

who moniters and set guidlines for water quality?

Answer 1

gov’t (federal and provincial)

Question 2

biological indicators

aquatic invertebrates?

examples?

and microbiological indicators

Answer 2

live organisms that live in water to help determine water quality

(animals w/out backbone that live in specific areas - by seeing where they live u can determine water quality)

fish, worms, insects, plankton, bacteria

dangerous (if too many) microscopic organisms in water
- water samples are taken to see how many bacteria are in it

Question 3

what likely indicates good water quality?

does it mean the water is safe?

Answer 3

greater diversity of organisms

doesn’t mean its safe for humans

Question 4

what units are used to measure chemical concentrations?

Answer 4

ppm (parts per million)
ppb (parts per billion)

Question 5

how does temperature affect dissolved oxygen?

Answer 5

colder temp = high dissolved o2
warm temp=low dissolved oxygen

Question 6

how does turbulance affect dissolved oxygen?

Answer 6

high turbulance = more levels of dissolved oxygen

Question 7

how does photosynthesis affect dissolved oxygen?

Answer 7

more photosynthesis = more dissolved oxygen

Question 8

how does the amount of organisms in water affect dissolved oxygen?

Answer 8

more organisms = less dissolved oxygen

Question 9

how do nitrogen and phosphorus normally enter water

Answer 9

1. fertilizers (get into nearby bodies of water)
2. sewage system (high amounts of nitrogen/phosphorus in system that may find its way into nearby bodies of water)

Question 10

Increased Phosphorus and Nitrogen causes…

Answer 10

increased plant/algae growth
decreases the amount of living fish/invertebraes
plants/algae die, increasing pop. of bacteria who use up oxygen when decomposing
leading to decreased oxygen levels+organism death

Question 11

what happens when pH goes below 5.6

Answer 11

most fish disappear below 5.6 and
rain/snow becomes acidic

Question 12

what is spring acid shock?

what does it affect?

Answer 12

in areas with lots of acidic precipitation, acidic desposits build up in ice/snow in winter
in SPRING it melts and a lot of acid is released

eggs/babies of aquatic organisms that hatch/grow in spring

Question 13

What is toxicity?

how is it measured

Answer 13

how poisonous a substance is

measured in number of deaths

Question 14

LD50

lethal dose 50%

Answer 14

amount of a substance that causes 50% of a group of test animals to die if they are given a specific dose of the substance all at once

if n amount of a toxin killed 50/100 test rats, the LD50 is n

Question 14

heavy metals

Answer 14

has a density of 5g/cm3 or more
+5x heavier that volume of water

cooper, lead, zinc, mercury, nickel, cadminium

Question 15

top 4 components of unpoluted air

percentages?

Answer 15

nitrogen 78%
oxygen 21%
argon 0.9%
carbon dioxide 0.03%

Question 16

how is air quality measured?

Answer 16

measuring levels of pollutants in the air [better]
estimating amount of emissions from pollution sources

Question 17

sulfur dioxides

Answer 17

form smog + acid rain
effects lungs and respirotory system
major source is fossil fuels [in alberta]
scrubbers use limestone to make gypsum (prevents co2 from being released)

Question 18

nitrogen oxides

Answer 18

forms smog and acid rain
affects respirotory system + eyes
forms from combustion in vehicles, factories, and industrial processes

Question 19

carbon monoxide

Answer 19

forms when hydrocarbon combust [producing co2]
if theres not enough oxygen, carbon monoxide is made instead
[reduces the amount of oxygen that can be carries by blood]

“silent killer”

sources: vehicles, fireplaces, cigar smoke

Question 20

ground level ozone

Answer 20

odourless, colourless, made of 3 oxygen atoms
forms from reaction between oxygen and nitrogen oxides + chemicals called VOCs

affects wheat, soy beans, onions

sources: fuel combustion in vehcile engines, factories

Question 21

greenhouse gases

Answer 21

gases in the atmosphere that trap heat

methane, CO2, NO2, SO2, water vapour

Question 22

greenhouse effect

Answer 22

atmosphere gases act like greenhouse glass - trapping heat close to the earths surface

Question 23

enhanced greenhouse effect

Answer 23

too many greenhouse gases in the atmonsphere that traps the heat inside our atmosphere

Question 24

global warming

Answer 24

when global temperatures get too high
enhanced greenhouse effect leads to global warming

Question 25

what does the ozone layer do?

what does reduced ozone layer cause?

Answer 25

protects life on earth from UV-C
[one of the most harmful types of UV rays from the sun]

UV-C causes cancer

[reduced ozone layer will cause skin cancer and reduction in plankton/animals]

Question 26

how do chlorine from CFC destroy ozone layer

chlorofluorocarbons = CFC

can the reaction be sped up

Answer 26

react with ozone molecules to form oxygen molecules

one chlorine can react with up to 100 000 ozone molecules

reaction is sped up in colder temperatures