section 1 keywords Flashcards
nitrogen fixation
changing nitrogen gas into useable forms that plants can take up
pollution
a change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things
fertilizer
3 main nutrients in order?
components that contain nutrients to help enrich soil + provide nutrients to plants
nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) potassium (K)
pesticides
3 types?
chemicals used to kill pests
herbicides, insecticides, fungicides
solid wastes
includes garbage collected from houses, construction/demolition sites, institutions
reuseable, are burnt in incinerators, most are in sanitary landfills
compacted clay +plastic liners are used in sanitary landfills to prevent waste from entering soil/groundwater
sewage
wastewater containing dissolved + undissolved materials from kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms
septic tank
underground container where bacteria breaks down the organic materials before theyre moved out to soil
sewage treatment plan
sewage flows through pipes into the plant where its cleaned + sent back to homes
storm sewers
large pipes carrying water [from yards/street] into bodies of water (river, ocean, lake)
effluent
storm sewers
wastewater released from a fatcory/sewage treatment plant
large pipes carry water from yards/streets directly into lakes rivers and oceans
fossil fuels
why are they hydrocarbons?
what pollutants are released when they r burned?
type of fuel where dead organisms are burned
bc they r mostly made of hydrogen and carbon
water vapor
carbon dioxide
nitrogen oxide
sulfur dioxide
general equation for combustion
hydrocarbon + oxygen
→
carbon dioxide + water vapour + energy
universal indicator
pH meter
turns a whole range of colours for each number on the pH scale
metal probe attached to meter - probe is submereged into substance + gives accurate reading
neutralization
reaction between acid and base that produces water and salt (neutral substances)
acid and base cancel each other out and form neutral substance
ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER
organic vs inorganic compound
examples?
organic contains carbon
inorganic doesnt contain carbon
organic: carbon dioxide, sugar, fat, fossil fuels
inorganic: water, salt, quartz
macronutrients vs micronutrients
nutrients?
macro: needed in large amounts
micro: needed in small amounts
elements/compounds organisms need for living, growing, reproducing
optimum amounts
amount that prodives an organism with the best health
carbohydrates
contains? examples? importance?
made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
main source of energy
ex. sugar and starch
lipids
contains? examples? importance?
MANY carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms
protect + insulate our bodies, energy source
ex. fats, oils, wax
proteins and amino acids
contains? examples? importance?
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
main components of enzymes
ex. meat, eggs, dairy
nucleic acids
carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus
gives us the materials to replicate our RNA/DNA
ex. meat, fish, seafood (any living thing)
active transport
passive?
plants use energy to move nutrients from area of low to high concentration
doesn’t require energy
diffusion vs osmosis
movement of molecules from area of high to low concentration
osmosis is the same but with water (water concentration HIGH to LOW)
hydrolysis
breakdown of large organic material
“hydro” = water; water breaks down molecules
