section 1 keywords

Question 1

nitrogen fixation

Answer 1

changing nitrogen gas into useable forms that plants can take up

Question 2

pollution

Answer 2

a change in the environment that produces a condition that is harmful to living things

Question 3

fertilizer

3 main nutrients in order?

Answer 3

components that contain nutrients to help enrich soil + provide nutrients to plants

nitrogen (N) phosphorus (P) potassium (K)

Question 4

pesticides

3 types?

Answer 4

chemicals used to kill pests

herbicides, insecticides, fungicides

Question 5

solid wastes

Answer 5

includes garbage collected from houses, construction/demolition sites, institutions

reuseable, are burnt in incinerators, most are in sanitary landfills

compacted clay +plastic liners are used in sanitary landfills to prevent waste from entering soil/groundwater

Question 6

sewage

Answer 6

wastewater containing dissolved + undissolved materials from kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms

Question 7

septic tank

Answer 7

underground container where bacteria breaks down the organic materials before theyre moved out to soil

Question 8

sewage treatment plan

Answer 8

sewage flows through pipes into the plant where its cleaned + sent back to homes

Question 9

storm sewers

Answer 9

large pipes carrying water [from yards/street] into bodies of water (river, ocean, lake)

Question 10

effluent

storm sewers

Answer 10

wastewater released from a fatcory/sewage treatment plant

large pipes carry water from yards/streets directly into lakes rivers and oceans

Question 11

fossil fuels

why are they hydrocarbons?

what pollutants are released when they r burned?

Answer 11

type of fuel where dead organisms are burned

bc they r mostly made of hydrogen and carbon

water vapor
carbon dioxide
nitrogen oxide
sulfur dioxide

Question 12

general equation for combustion

Answer 12

hydrocarbon + oxygen
→
carbon dioxide + water vapour + energy

Question 13

universal indicator

pH meter

Answer 13

turns a whole range of colours for each number on the pH scale

metal probe attached to meter - probe is submereged into substance + gives accurate reading

Question 14

neutralization

Answer 14

reaction between acid and base that produces water and salt (neutral substances)

acid and base cancel each other out and form neutral substance

ACID + BASE → SALT + WATER

Question 15

organic vs inorganic compound

examples?

Answer 15

organic contains carbon
inorganic doesnt contain carbon

organic: carbon dioxide, sugar, fat, fossil fuels
inorganic: water, salt, quartz

Question 16

macronutrients vs micronutrients

nutrients?

Answer 16

macro: needed in large amounts
micro: needed in small amounts

elements/compounds organisms need for living, growing, reproducing

Question 17

optimum amounts

Answer 17

amount that prodives an organism with the best health

Question 18

carbohydrates

contains? examples? importance?

Answer 18

made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen

main source of energy

ex. sugar and starch

Question 19

lipids

contains? examples? importance?

Answer 19

MANY carbon, hydrogen, oxygen atoms

protect + insulate our bodies, energy source

ex. fats, oils, wax

Question 20

proteins and amino acids

contains? examples? importance?

Answer 20

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen

main components of enzymes

ex. meat, eggs, dairy

Question 21

nucleic acids

Answer 21

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
phosphorus

gives us the materials to replicate our RNA/DNA

ex. meat, fish, seafood (any living thing)

Question 22

active transport

passive?

Answer 22

plants use energy to move nutrients from area of low to high concentration

doesn’t require energy

Question 23

diffusion vs osmosis

Answer 23

movement of molecules from area of high to low concentration

osmosis is the same but with water (water concentration HIGH to LOW)

Question 24

hydrolysis

Answer 24

breakdown of large organic material

“hydro” = water; water breaks down molecules

Question 25

substrate

Answer 25

material on which an organism moves/lives

some organisms are attached to their substrate, others obtain nutrients from it

Question 26

ingestion

Answer 26

process of taking food into our bodies