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History C963 > Section 2 > Flashcards

Section 2 Flashcards

The Structure of the US Government

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1
Q

What is implied power?

A

Not described in the Constitution but permitted through Congress. Loose interpretation of the Necessary and Proper Clause.

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2
Q

What are inherent powers?

A

Powers of the President or Congress assumed to exist as a direct result of the country’s existence.

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3
Q

What is oversight?

A

Review and monitor other bodies of government.

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4
Q

What are committees?

A

Taked with considering, researching, introducing, and investigating policy areas.

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5
Q

What is appropriation?

A

Provision of money by Congress for items requested in presidential budget.

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6
Q

What is deficit spending?

A

Spending more money than earned in fiscal year.

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7
Q

What is discretionary spending?

A

Spending what can be changed year to year. Veterans, researching, and housing assistance.

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8
Q

what is a budget resolution?

A

A set of budget priorities and spending limits, and a plan to receive so much in revenue.

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9
Q

What is pork-barrel spending?

A

Spending on unnecessary things that benefit a specific member of Congress.

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10
Q

What is a line-item veto?

A

Ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Only rejecting specific portions of legislation.

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11
Q

What was the Interstate Commerce Clause?

A

One of the expressed powers Congress to regulate commerce.

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12
Q

What is advice and consent?

A

A Constitutional power, and foreign treaties become official only when Senate approves of two-thirds vote.

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13
Q

What is Supermajority?

A

A specific number greater than 50%.

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14
Q

What is Filibuster?

A

Led by the legislator to delay or prevent debate of proposal. To break this, it must be three-fifths of Senators vote.

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15
Q

What are administrative agencies?

A

Created by Congress to enforce laws, organized by the president in the executive branch.

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16
Q

What is a majority party?

A

Most seats in the House of Representees or Senate.

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17
Q

What is a minority party?

A

Leat number of seats.

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18
Q

What is the Speaker of the House?

A

Control agenda and voting and elected leader of the majority party.

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19
Q

what is a majority leader?

A

second-in-command to the Speaker of the House.

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20
Q

What is a minority leader?

A

Elected leader of the minority party, elected by the party members of the house.

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21
Q

what is a majority whip?

A

Job is to help coordinate strategy.

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22
Q

what is a minority whip?

A

Help coordinate strategy and maintain discipline.

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23
Q

what is a president pro tempore?

A

Given to longest serving senator of the majority party if vice president is absent.

24
Q

what is a standing committee?

A

A permanent committee that exists session to session for the purpose of research and policy area.

25
Q

what is a select committee?

A

Temporary to investigate an issue or policy area.

26
Q

what is a joint committee?

A

House of Representative and Senate that work together on specific issues.

27
Q

what is a conference committee?

A

Joint committee and to form one single bill of different versions of the same bill.

28
Q

What is a rules committee?

A

A powerful committee in the House that decides rules for debate and amendments.

29
Q

what is cloture?

A

60 members of the Senate vote to end filibuster.

30
Q

what is gerrymandering?

A

Process of creating political advantage.

31
Q

What is the Census?

A

Required every 10 years by the US and the first step of congressional re-appointment.

32
Q

what is redistricting?

A

re-drawing of electoral districts to accommodate changes by last census.

33
Q

What is reapportionment?

A

once per decade process of assigning 435 seats in the 50 states according to population.

34
Q

what is commander in chief?

A

giving authority to the president over all parts of the US military.

35
Q

what is bipartisan?

A

meaning two factions, agreeing on certain political actions.

36
Q

what is articles of impeachment?

A

Officially accuses an executive of constitutional abuse.

37
Q

what is Monroe doctrine?

A

US policy created by James Monroe.

38
Q

what is recess appointment?

A

federal officials at a time Senate are not in session and cannot confirm appointment.

39
Q

what is a loophole?

A

Allows someone to avoid having to follow a rule.

40
Q

what are civil cases?

A

court cases based on civil law, includes disagreements with people and companies.

41
Q

what is an appeal?

A

asking someone to overturn decision.

42
Q

what is a party?

A

in law cases, someone working directly with the case.

43
Q

what is a circuit court?

A

courts that hear cases in several counties and heard by three rotating judges.

44
Q

what is a judicial review?

A

established with Marbury v Madison, power to overturn if laws conflict the Constitution.

45
Q

what is precedent?

A

a decision made in one court case.

46
Q

what is stare decisis?

A

Let the decision stand.

47
Q

what is judicial activism?

A

US courts should defend individual rights, liberties, and stop actions if other governments violate those rights.

48
Q

what is a strict constructionist?

A

Strict approach that can only do things mentioned in the constitution.

49
Q

what is loose constructionist?

A

Judges can reinterpret constitutional language.

50
Q

what is judicial restraint?

A

Judges should be reluctant to overturn the acts of Congress, the president, or the states.

51
Q

What is defer?

A

agree to follow someone else’s opinion.

52
Q

what is common law?

A

Based on court decision in England, rather than on legislative decree.

53
Q

what is federalism?

A

divides constructional power and authority between national and state government.

54
Q

what is the Elastic Clause?

A

Clause in the constitution that can be stretched to allow congress to make laws and policies.

55
Q

what is concurrent power?

A

state and federal government share including tac, borrow money, and establish courts.

History C963 (7 decks)

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