Section 2 Flashcards
Globalization
Is the process of counties around the world becoming more integrated and interdependent across economies political cultural and other domains
Pathogen
Is a bacterium virus and other microorganism than can cause diseases
Human security
Is the freedom from fear and freedom from want that results from having
Health security
Economic security
Food security
Environmental security
Personal security
Community security
Political security
Global health security
Public health interventions implemented by gov and military personal in colab with other stakeholders in order to protect pop from threats to health and safety
Burden of disease
Describe the adverse impact of particular health condition or group conditions on a population
Millennium development goals
Were a set of 8 goals endorsed by the US and hundreds of partners that aim to significantly reduce global poverty between 2000 and 2015
Goal
Is desired future outcome
Target
Is a specific measurable objective that contributes to achieving a desired future outcome
Targets points toward the action that should be taken to demonstrate progress toward achieving goals
Indication
Is a variable used to measure performance achievement or change
Sustainable development goals (SDG)
Are a set of 17 goals endorsed by the member nations of the United Natiosn at the end of 2015 that aim by 2030 to end poverty protected the planet and promote prosperity and peach
Benchmark
Is a standard or a point reference for comparison
Statistic
Measured characteristic of a sample population
Vital statistic
Pop level quantification of births, deaths and other life events
Census
Collects demo date about every individual in a population
Ratio
Comparison of two numbers
Proportion
A ratio in which the numerator (top #) is a bust of the denominator (bottom #)
Percentage
Expresses a number in units of “per on hundred”
Rate
Ratio in which the numerator and denominator have diff units the denominator for a rate often expresses a measure of time
Birth Rate
Number of births per1000 people in a pop over a one year period
Survival Analysis
Stat eval of distribution of the duration of ice that individuals in a pop from a initial time pint until some well defined event
Life expectancy
The average number of additional years of life an individual of a particular age can be expected to survive based on pop mortality patterns
Life expectancy at birth
Average number of years a newborn in a pop can be expected to survive based on pop mortality patterns at the time of birth
Healthy life expectancy (HALE)
Average number of additional years an individual of a particular age in a pop can expect to live without disability
Epidemiology
Study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease in human pop
Biostat
Science of analyzing health data and interpreting the results so that they can be applied to solving public health pron
Mortality
Death
Age standardization
Generation of comparable stat for pop with diff age structures
Proportion mortality rate (PMR)
Percentage of all people who die in a pop whose death is the results of a particular cause
Case fatality rate (CFR)
Proportion of people with a particular disease who die as a result of the condition
Morbidity
Pretense of nonfatal illness or disease wether mild or severe
Case def
List of the inclusion and exclusion criteria that must be met in order for a individual to be classified having a part disease or disability
Incidence
Number of new cases of a disease in a pop during specific period of time
Incident rate
Number of new cases of a disease in a pop during a specific time period divided by the total number of people in the pop who were at risk of disease during that period
Prevalence
Is the percentage of members of a pop who have given trait at a particular time
Metric
Composite indicator derived from two or more other measure
Premature mortality
Is any death before a selected target survival age
Years of life lost (YLLs)
Burden of disease metric used to quantify pop level reduction in a heath status due to premature mortality
Years lived with disability (YLDs)
Burden of disease metric used to quantify the pop level reductions in health status attributable to nonfatal conditions
Disability adjusted life year (QALY)
Metric used health economics to represent the additional duration of life and quality of life conferred to pop by effective public health interventions
data
Raw or unprocessed facts figures symbols or signs
Information
Generated when data are processed and presented in a format that is unable for understanding a situation and making decisions
Health information system
Encompasses the tech used to collect store, analyze and disseminate health related data and information
Data science
Interdisciplinary field that uses stat matching learning and other computational tools to generate information and knowledge from various types of data
Forecast
Describes the future outcome that can be anticipated if various interventions are implemented of other events occurred
Projection
The future outcome that can be anticipated if various interventions are implemented of other events occur
Global burden of disease (GBD)
Project is a massive collab effort to quantify the epidemiologic profiles of every country in the world
Peer review
Process of a scientific manuscript being eval but experts who scrutinize the methodology and the reasonableness of the results prior to a report published
Abstract
One paragraph summary of the objective methods results and implications of a scientific investigation
Low and middle income countries (LMICs)
Encompasses all low income low middle income and upper middle income countries
Organization for economic co operation and development (OECD)
An intergovernmental organization that represents about three dozen of the worlds riches countries
Gross national income (GNI)
Total income from the selling of goods and services produces in one country’s including so sims spending gov spending investments and exports
Gross domestic product (GDP)
Total amount of goods and services produces in one country by domestic and foreign owned companies
Gross national product (GNP)
Total amount of goods and services produced by one country’s companies in that country and by companies owned by that county operating in other counties
atlas method
Estimation method that improved economic comparison u reducing the impact of market and exchange rate fluctuations on metrics
Purchasing power parity (PPP)
An estimation method that improves economic comparisons by adjusting metric based on how many goods services and other products can be purchased in various pop with a fixed amount of money such as $1000 US dollars
Human development index (HDI)
is an estimate of national development calculated from data on income (gross national income per capita in purchasing power parity dollars), education (the mean and expected years of schooling), and life expectancy at birth
Socio demographic index (SDI)
The GBD collaborators use a Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) that is calculated from data on income per capita, the average number of years of education, and fertility rates
Gini Coefficent
The Gini coefficient is a measure of the inequality in the distribution of incomes within a particular country
