Section 2 Flashcards
What are the five user research methods?
Attitudinal. Behavioral. Generative. Quantitative. Qualitative.
Attitudinal?
What people think or feel
Behavioral?
What people do
Generative?
Shapes the design early on
Evalative?
Evaluates the design later
Qualitative?
Description
Quantitative?
Data driven
Attitunal research?
Looks at what people say or think
Behavioral research?
Looks at what people actually do
Attitudinal Research constraints of methods such as?
Such as surveys and interviews, well methods like eye tracking look at user behavior in real life situations. Don’t worry too much about classifying methods in this way, it merely aids in choosing a method or two that works best for what you’re trying to test.
Qualitative research?
Involves direct observation of a subject and information that isn’t directly quantifiable. In person interviews, for instants, would be a great example
Quantitative research?
On the other hand, represents data driven, indirect observations such as close ended survey responses or customer usage data
Generative or exploratory research?
Is done at the beginning of a project and helps inform the shape and direction of a design
Evaluative research?
Is done later in the process and evaluates the design, helping you look for issues in the product or service that you develop based on your initial generative research.
Give one example in UX design of a generator of research method?
User interview
Give one example in US design of evaluative research method?
Usability testing
_______. _________ Are one of the most common methods of user research and provide a simple, qualitative way for you to begin understanding a product through your own eyes
User interviews
Conducting a _________ Prior to moving onto interviews can be a great way to get a feel for the users goals and pain points and provide a useful basis for scripting interview questions that can dig deeper into survey findings
Survey
List three pros of user interviews?
There an inexpensive method of gathering information directly from those will be using your product. UX designers like yourself know how to use apps and websites too well to accurately portray the experience of an every day user. After all, is their job to know how to use things. Well worded interview questions can elicit a great amount of information, potentially confusing or problematic functions, certain design users enjoy, techniques that can be used to overcome obstacles and more. It can be a great way to learn about other apps or websites your users enjoy and use on a daily basis.
What is three cons of user interviews?
Poorly worded questions can lead to interviewer bias and skewed data. Leading questions, questions about design details, and questions stemming from designer opinions should all be avoided. Users can’t always remember specific details about past use of apps or websites, human memory is fallible, after all. It’s better to ask questions and users general attitudes and feelings about an issue than any one certain detail. It’s hard for users to envision and build features and designs. Avoid asking questions about possible functionality and stick with high-level thoughts and opinions.
User surveys are generally employed for what purpose?
To gather initial, or follow up, insights from your users and are a great way to obtain findings from a large sample population, potentially hundreds of users
Six options of sites that can be used for user surveys?
Google forms. Polldaddy. Surveygizmo. Surveymonkey. Typeform. WuFoo
What is three pros of user surveys?
Surveys or an inexpensive and reliable way to reach a broader audience, and they provide an online, automated method of keeping, storing, and analyzing data. Survey results can quickly determine whether a product team is moving in the right direction. Positive survey results provide confidence, well negative or unexpected survey results give the team time to refocus and change course early on in the design process. Users may be more willing to answer questions honestly if they feel they’re not being judged or watched, and there’s no risk of an interviewer unintentionally biasing responses.
List three cons of user surveys?
Care must be taken when designing survey questions to avoid skewed or biased results. Surveys are remote don’t involve an interviewer, this illuminates the possibility of asking follow-up questions for further clarification. Well online survey services may expedite the process, and effective means of acquiring participants is still essential.
Analytics?
Refers to the measurement and collection of web traffic data from a currently existing site or app. UX designers can use his data to gain useful insights based on traffic patterns and visitor counts across all the pages and/or screens in a project. For obvious reasons, this method is only useful if the site or out already exist. It’s normally employed before redesigning a website or application in order to make it more successful.
Clickstream?
Which represents a user’s activities online through a series of clicks, provides an automated way to gather and track analytics. It’s a great method for answering additional questions about this site, such as what section or a webpage a user tends to click on before all else.
List three pros of analytic reviews?
Analytics reviews are a great way to gain powerful insights about an app or website at the start of a redesigned project. Designers can remove content that hasn’t been successfully engaging users to make room for new, or compelling content. They’re cheap and relatively quick to perform. Most reviews take less than a week to complete. Reviews can be used to create informative reports for the product team and client, giving early momentum to a project.
List three cons of analytic reviews?
Analytics data isn’t always available or can be hard to obtain due to confidentiality issues, the age of your site, or a lack of an installed analytics package. A thorough analysis of this type of information requires at least six months of data and an even larger window would be preferred. Analytics aren’t always useful when designing a new project, but could still be employed on competitors sites or apps to learn about user behavior.
What seven steps are there when doing diary studies?
Planning and prep. Pre-study brief. Payment mile stone. Post study interview. Payment mile stone. Data analysis.
List the six items included in the planning and prep?
Select tools. Create materials and instructions. Recruit study participants. Define study timeline. Defined payment milestones. Schedule briefs and interviews.
List the two steps in the logging period?
Evaluate entries as they come in. Check in with participants.
List the three steps in the post study interview?
Discuss entries. Probe for additional insights. Ask for clarification.
List the steps in the priest study brief?
Explain study. Provide materials and instructions. Set expectations.
What is a diary study?
Diary study is a type of research method used to collect data about user behaviors, activities, and trends over the course of a few days, weeks, or longer
During the diary study participants are asked?
They are asked to keep records of their thoughts, much like they would in a diary, while performing activities or task a UX designer wishes to analyze. This provides a designer with a host of valuable qualitative data at the end of the study reminders and prompts via email or text message can also be used to help participants remember to record their behavior.
Diary studies are most successful win?
When used for behavior studies over a long period of time
List three pros of diary studies?
Diary studies are the best way to learn about behaviors and activity over a significant period of time. A variety of behaviors can be studied ranging from daily habits, emotional states, motivations, changes in engagement, learning overtime, and more. UX designer’s are able to analyze and respond to incoming data all the study is going on. This allows for follow-up questions and feedback from participants.
List three cons of diary studies?
Diary studies are qualitative by nature, so they’re better suited for studying general behavior and activity rather than for collecting concrete data numbers. Participants can be less engaged over time and will often times need encouragement and motivation. For this reason, data from a diary study can sometimes be manufactured or incomplete. Because of the long-term nature of these studies, they tend to be more expensive per user than other research models
Contextual inquiries?
Also known as ethnographic field studies, involve interviewing users in the same location or context in which they’ll engage with your app or website. A contextual inquiry for a recipe app, for example, might require you to talk to your users in their kitchen or at their local grocery store. Watching users perform task and activities that your app or website is going to facilitate can be eye-opening and very educational for a product team. The process typically starts with an identification of the appropriate users based on the project. Traits like age, computer and Internet experience, education, and language are all taken into consideration. Once a representative group of participants is found, in person visits are scheduled. During the visit, a UX designer should take on the role of an apprentice, observing and learning about behavior and activity from the participant. Designers can create their own Scripps and questionnaires, or they can simply sit and observe participants as they go about their daily routine. Notes and recordings taken during these visits are then analyzed to determine the type of task that were carried out, obstacles the participant faced, what could have helped the participant succeed with those tasks, and so on
List three pros of contextual inquiries?
A number of unique observations can be made during these visits, from environmental issues, to how users handle interruptions, to user workouts, to task handling, and more. This is the only type of research that takes place in the participant place of work or residence, which can often shed light on user requirements and needs the other methods may not reveal. This type of research is effective in capturing personal information about the users and will often lead to additional insight you can use in your Personna creation.
List three cons of contextual inquiries?
Participants might become nervous during the observation, which means a UX designer should be capable of putting them at ease during the visit. Locations may come with logistical challenges, management approval, consent forms, nondisclosure agreements etc. Due to the involved nature of this research method, studies are usually limited to a small group of participants.
List five common research goals when conducting user interviews?
Identifying users general attitudes about a problem or concept, for example, their needs in Web-based email clients, how important is privacy and security to your user? Documenting user opinions on competing sites or apps that inform the design of your project. Discerning the types of task users perform and in what context i.e., task frequency, task difficulty, task duration, etc. For example, how many task users complete during an average day. Determining which apps or sites your users enjoy using, as well as what types of apps or sites leave them frustrated. Collecting data points as evidence to demonstrate to key stakeholders that initial design thoughts will be effective/necessitating a change of course before design processes are to far under way
When choosing your participants what things do you want to keep in mind?
For user surveys, choosing participants is normally a straightforward task. Remember the demo project, the local travel guide out? Let’s use it as an example. What types of users would benefit from such an app? As travel is fairly universal undertaking, it would be smart to Paul from Maria Dee of age groups and use her backgrounds to ensure a well-rounded user population.
How can you catch 80% of the errors?
My testing five participants
List five important traits to consider when preparing user surveys or interviews?
Prior knowledge of apps or websites similar to the product you’re designing. Frequencies of use of related apps or websites. Social media habits e.g., Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, etc. Where are they get their product news or news in general from. How often they use mobile devices versus their home computers
For both user interviews and user surveys, a________ Is A crucial step in preparing for your research?
Script
What is it that is conducted with a greater pull of participants in are normally taken remotely, and they have their own set of unique guidelines?
User surveys
What are the four set of unique guidelines when doing user surveys?
Closed questions are best. Multiple-choice or true/false questions allow participants to answer quickly and MoveOn, and they also expedite the tallying of totals once the study is over. A few open ended questions are OK. They allow researchers to learn more about the thoughts and attitudes of their participants. Just remember that you’re the one who hast to go through all that data afterwards. Keep it limited to only a few important topics and set a character count for responses. Timing and length matter. As you won’t be sitting with your participants, it’s important to design a survey they can be completed quickly and easily. I am for fewer than 20 multiple-choice questions, otherwise you risk loss A focus and inaccurate answers. Your research goals should always be your focus. Every question should aim at shedding light on your research goals.
How are research interviews conducted?
User interviews are conducted a face-to-face and in real time
List the set of four guidelines used with user interviews?
Open ended questions or best. Your goal should be to start an engaging conversation with your participant. Proper timing is essential. The longer the interview, the more a participant will lose focus, to try to keep everything under an hour. Open ended questions will naturally lead to longer responses, so don’t feel like you need at least 20 questions. 8 to 12 conversation starting topics is usually enough to get the ball rolling, and you can follow up with more specific questions as the need arises. Don’t forget your research goals. Every one of your goals should aim at eliciting information Ty directly to your defined goals.
What are two options you can use to Hoster surveys?
Survey monkey, Google forms, etc.
What three factors should be considered when determining how long you should keep your survey active?
How many survey responses are you hoping to obtain. What strategies do you have for attracting participants to your survey. Watch your data as it comes in and note any issues or incomplete responses.
How many survey responses are you hoping to obtain?
How many do you need to ensure the data is useful? Most surveys only require around 20 participants to be affective, but more is always better. The more participants, the lower margin of error, in other words, the more accurately your results will reflect the thoughts and opinions of your target users as a whole. It may be worth keeping your survey active a bit longer to obtain additional data.
What strategies do you have for attracting participants to your survey?
If you already have a large group of possible participants available via email or social media, it may only take a few days to obtain the data you need. Consider what resources you have to attract participants, pier networks, giveaways, free consultation etc. and plan your timing accordingly
I watch your data as it comes in and note any issues or incomplete responses?
If issues arise frequently, there may be a problem with the survey, and it might make sense to pull it off-line, fix it up, then tried again.
Explain the user interviews methodology?
The interview at self is as simple as running through your script and enjoying a conversation with your participant.
Two main steps with the user interviews methodology?
Scheduling and logistics. Having a conversation.
What steps are taken when doing the scheduling and logistics?
Where and when should your interview take place? Participants often Have busy schedules, and UX designers are no different. Agree on a time and place or consider conducting your interview online through Skype, zoom, Google hangouts, or another popular video conferencing app. Online and phone interviews don’t require travel time, tend to be simpler the schedule, and can be easily recorded for later review.
Give eight tips on making sure you have a good conversation?
In addition to explain the goal of the interview, tell your participants how you’ll be using their answers. Answer any questions they may have and do your best to create a relaxed atmosphere. Use your script as a guideline. There’s no need to adhere to every single question you wrote down. Often times, a conversation will veer off in a new, interesting directions and you should feel free to explore anything that will allow you to teach your research objectives. Stick with open ended questions and avoid asking leading questions, those then elicit a desired response from your participants. For example, instead of asking, would you prefer a travel app offers insider information and is very easy to use? Ask instead what features would be most relevant to you when searching for unique information about a travel destination? This is more likely to facilitate a conversation and allow you to explore the participants feelings and opinions. While serendipitous conversations Are great for learning new information about your users, sometimes they go off on tangents that don’t relate to your research goals. In these cases, it’s up to you to steer the conversation back on track. This is where your script will come in handy. Be present. Taking Notes is a good idea, but paying more attention to your notes then your participant can come off as rude. Avoid this, if possible, or better yet record your interview. Recording an interview makes it easier to analyze the results in a later time. Before hitting the record button, however, make sure to inform your interviewee and ask for consent. Ask for assistance. Many designers find it easier to have a colleague record or take notes. If this is possible make sure to take advantage of the help.
What should you do in The wrapping up process and you are getting close to reaching the hour mark?
Start wrapping up my thinking your participant and asking if they have any questions for you patiently answer anything they may want to know, then conclude a call or meeting. Congratulations, you just completed your first interview.
List the four stages of research analysis?
Collect and organize your data. Explore your data for findings. Sort map the data. Identify user insights.
Collect and organize your data?
Organize your results in a single place. Digital notes, notes, recordings, trying, photos, and anything else you might have collected during your research should all be put in the same place for easy access
Explore your data for Findings?
Once you have everything organized, it’s time to dig in. This step involves analyzing your results and pulling out informative quotes, behaviors, facts, opinions, and more.
Sort them out the data?
This is where the analytical picture of your research really starts to take shape. Your use affinity mapping to explore your findings further, creating visual maps of relationships and themes that will allow you to truly understand your participants.
Identify user insights?
With all of your data organized and categorize, you can begin gathering insights about your users to determine successful design methods. You’ll be capturing is insights in the future exercises about personas and user journey maps.
What is the key for most researchers?
For most researchers, a system of digital organization, combined with a system of physical organization, is the most productive solution.
Where should you store the original audio and video recordings?
In your user folders, as well, as you may want to refer to the original material at some point during your research. These elements are great to pull from when making engaging presentations for your product team.
Give an example of good naming convention to help keep your files tidy and neat?
Use consistent filing naming conventions to keep your files neat and tidy. Include your participants names and the creation date of the file to help you find what you need during your analysis. For example, Rebecca_audio_100617.MP4 will quickly give you information about what the audio recording contains without even having to open it
Physical organization?
Data analysis can be a complex task. One of the best ways to approach it as via preparation of physical space for the sole purpose of data Analysis. In an office environment, such spaces are often called war rooms, but in your home office, a large whiteboard or clear wall to just as nicely. To prep your personal war room, write or print out your research goals and stick them on the wall. Descriptions and photos of the participants or the study environment would make gray additions, as well. The idea is to make your research area feel like a physical representation of the study itself to put yourself in the right mindset for analysis. As you analyze your research, fill the space with notes about each participant, as well as trans you identify along the way.
Keep everything?
It’s been mentioned before, but it’s worth repeating, keep everything you create and collect during your research. All of the notes, recordings, and sketches are valuable research artifacts and should be treated as such. They may be useful for presentations, further research in the field, as well as reflection. They’ll also be fantastic for your personal portfolio, and showing potential employers that you understand and can conduct research of this type is a valuable and impressive asset to have.
What are four things you should consider when exploring data to uncover findings?
Watch for behaviors and attitudes that may help them form what she know about your research goals. Pick out needs or goals your participants might mention. Record any participant frustration discussed as well. Gather any other used for quotes and fax the line with your goals.
Watch for behaviors and attitudes that may help in form what you know about your research goals?
If your goal is to learn about attitudes or a travel app guide, for example, the quote I think travel apps are too complex. I can never figure them out would be a useful thought to be recorded
Pick out needs or goals your participants might mention?
Using the travel guide app as an example again the quote I would want to be able to use it quickly because when I travel I’m always on the go is a great takeaway. From it, you can extract the user goal of wanted to use the app quickly.
Record any participant frustrations discussed as well?
Frustrations represent an opportunity to develop a project that avoids pitfalls and please is your users. Anything that irritates or a noise your participant should be recorded.
Gather any other useful quotes and fax it a line with your goals?
Make a note of any other “or fax stick out to you. “Such as I like to take about a dozen trips per year, when I take a trip, I want to discover things off the beaten path, or even notes like John mention that they find traveling incredibly stressful can I’ll be valuable to research
How should I record what I find?
Now that you know what to look for, let’s talk about how to record it. Many researchers use color-coded stickies to record key findings in their analysis. Consider what kind of system would work best for you and your area and keep it consistently throughout your research. It’s a good idea to use different colors for each participant so you can quickly understand context at a single glance. As you collect notes, attach them to your research area in consistent groupings. The easiest way to do this is to group by participants, so apply your sticky notes for each participant under their photo or description. The end result should be a research area filled with interest in behaviors, needs, frustrations, quotes and facts. Take a photo of your research area at this point and be proud of all the work you’ve done so far. Next will talk about how to cluster and sort these collected notes.
Affinity mapping?
Sometimes called affinity diagramming is a simple but effective tool for grouping and understanding information. One of its particular strengths lies in the identification of relationships between many individual components, which is what makes it so useful for UX researchers. Affinity mapping can be done with a wide range of data and can be performed throughout your design process. In fact you’ll be doing affinity mapping again to help you sort different data in achievement four this course
What items do you need to conduct an affinity map exercise?
Sticky notes or a whiteboard. If you don’t have access to sticky notes or a whiteboard, you can simply use presentation software like PowerPoint or Keynote. A marker or if you’re typing, using a large font to encourage you to simplify the information
List the four steps are taken in affinity mapping?
Choose one of your sticky notes, move it to a clear area on the wall, then hunt through your data for additional similar notes. Find similar notes, similar in whatever way you deem most useful and placed them near the first, creating a cluster of notes that all share a particular theme. Once you’re done with the cluster, right or post a label beneath it to remind yourself why the notes are clustered together. Repeat this process with new themes until your research cherry is filled with labeled clusters of notes. Feel free to duplicate notes if you feel like they belong in more than one cluster.
A finding is?
Finding is usually a fact that tells us what is happening, but it doesn’t tell us the way your provide us with the way to find a meaningful solution
An insight is?
An insight, on the other hand, is something that describes an aspect of human behavior/motivation and enable us to see how we might take actions to solve a problem.
Give one possible example of the Triple app?
One finding might be that users often use multiple, travel related apps at the same time.
Give one example on Tripoli of a possible insight?
One insight Might be that no one travel guide app provide users with all the tools and information they need, so they need to use multiple sources to find it.
How could we take it one step further on the Tripley app by using these statements to come up with a concrete solution?
Taking it one step further, We could then use these two statements to come up with a concrete solution. For instance, we could design an app that provides more comprehensive content so that travelers don’t have to use multiple apps. These are the types of a-ha moments you should be looking for when sorting your data, and they’ll proved to be the most useful insights when designing your project as well
