Section 1b

Question 1

what is the most important industrial process

Answer 1

Haber process
- produces ammonia

Question 2

what gases are a feature of urban smog and acid rain

Answer 2

nitrogen oxides

Question 3

what is used as a mild anesthetic in dentistry

Answer 3

Nitrous oxide
N20
laughing gas

Question 4

why is nitrogen ubiquitous in biology

Answer 4

appears in 22 natural amino acids

Question 5

Nitrogen cycle

Answer 5

• nitrogen ‘fixed’ from the air by organisms and released again in a cycle
• many of the bacteria use enzymes with Mo in the active site
• plants make proteins from nitrates

Question 6

how do cells store energy

Answer 6

high energy biomolecule
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is transformed to ADP (the diphosphate)

Question 7

structures of bones and teeth

Answer 7

• collagen protein forms semi-flexible rod like scaffolding

Question 8

fluoride relation to teeth

Answer 8

fluoride is a hard Lewis Base like OH- and is added to water/toothpaste to harden teeth

Question 9

iron

Answer 9

core of haemoglobin metalloprotein is a Fe complex with haeme b and histidine

Hb binds oxygen and transports it around the body

Question 10

zinc

Answer 10

essential dietary element

Question 11

Zn 2+ (zinc ion)

Answer 11

• critical to folding of zinc finger proteins
• regulate gene transcription
• used to stabilise insulin in solution
• component of many barrier creams

Question 12

cobalt

Answer 12

central atom of vitamin B12

Question 13

copper dependent enzymes - example and use

Answer 13

example: cytochrome c
use; act as antioxidants