Section 10 - Federal and California Fair Housing Laws

Question 1

“Separate but equal” doctrine. A series of court decisions and federal laws between 1948 and 1968 tried to address the inequalities in housing that were the result of this case.

Answer 1

PLESSY VS FERGUSON

Question 2

Louisville had an ordinance at that time that prohibited blacks from living on a block where the majority of the residents were white. The Supreme Court cited the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the 14th Amendment in stating that they assured “to the colored race the enjoyment of all of the civil rights … enjoyed by white persons.”

Answer 2

BUCHANAN VS WARLEY

Question 3

U.S. Supreme Court case concerning the issue of segregation in public schools

Answer 3

BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION

Question 4

Stated definitively that racial discrimination is not allowed in any sale of property within the U.S.

Answer 4

JONES VS MAYER

Question 5

Recognized all persons born in the U.S. as citizens, regardless of race or color, and protected the rights of every U.S. citizen to buy, sell, convey, inherit, and possess property, as well as to enter into contracts.

Answer 5

CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1866

Question 6

Prohibited discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing and housing-related transactions based on race, color, national origin, and religion. It also created the Office of Fair Housing and Equal Opportunity (FHEO) under the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD).

Answer 6

FAIR HOUSING ACT OF 1968

Question 7

Amended the Fair Housing Act of 1968 to add sex to the list of protected classes

Answer 7

HOUSING & COMMUNITY DEV ACT OF 1974

Question 8

Backed up the Housing and Community Development Act by requiring lenders to give businesses and consumers equal access to credit. ECOA prohibits discrimination “on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital status, or age (provided the applicant has the capacity to contract).”

Answer 8

EQUAL CREDIT OPPORTUNITY ACT OF 1974 (ECOA)

Question 9

Provided consumers with remedies if they believed they were victims of discrimination in the sale, rental, or financing of housing. This act also added familial status and disability (both physical and mental) to the existing protected classes.

Answer 9

FAIR HOUSING AMENDMENT ACT

Question 10

In 1934, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) adopted the practice of utilizing a large map, to cross off cities and neighborhoods it considered “risky.” The FHA wouldn’t insure loans for properties in those areas.

Answer 10

REDLINING

Question 11

Agents approached owners as soon as a demographic shift started to occur and convinced them that if they didn’t sell now, they would never be able to.

Answer 11

BLOCKBUSTING

Question 12

Encouraging whites to live in the “white areas” and all minorities to minority-prevalent areas.

Answer 12

STEERING

Question 13

The act protects specific classes from discrimination by business establishments.

Answer 13

UNRUH CIVIL RIGHTS ACT