Section 1: What is Life?

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

the study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment

Question 2

photosynthesis

Answer 2

h2o+co2+light forms oxygen+carbohydrates (store energy)

Question 3

respiration

Answer 3

o2+carbohydrates form H2o+co2+energy

Question 4

what is virus latin for?

Answer 4

poison

Question 5

2 main characteristics of viruses

Answer 5

contain genes
subvert protein synthesis of host cells

Question 6

gene is the information for…

Answer 6

one protein

Question 7

analogy for genetics

Answer 7

DNA=paper and ink
gene=sentence (info) written with DNA
ACTG (molecules)=letters
codons=3-letter words

Question 8

codons respond to

Answer 8

amino acids (make up proteins)

Question 9

controlling protein synthesis leads to control of

Answer 9

chemical reactions

Question 10

poison dart frogs

Answer 10

bright colors warn predators
feed during day
get toxins from eating ants
predator: fire bellied snake has neutralizing agent in saliva

Question 11

what did the viking landars do?

Answer 11

conduct 4 tests for life on mars
found life is about chemistry/chemical reactions

Question 12

3 basic types of bacteria

Answer 12

round
rod
spiral

Question 13

anaerobic sulfate reducing bacteria

Answer 13

produces sulfide

Question 14

purple sulfur bacteria

Answer 14

uses infrared light to produce sulfur

Question 15

cyanobacteria (blue green algae)

Answer 15

nitrogen fixer, limited by phosphorus

Question 16

connection between anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria, purple sulfur bacteria, and cyanobacteria

Answer 16

dying cyanobacteria releases sulfur, increasing anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria and production of sulfide
increased sulfide increases purple sulfur bacteria, decreasing infrared light

Question 17

evolution

Answer 17

change in the genetic makeup of a population through time

Question 18

bacteriophage life cycle

Answer 18

bacteriophage finds cell
attaches to cell, injecting with own DNA
produces proteins using host machinery
cell produces bacteriophage proteins
bacteriophage destroys cell

Question 19

are viruses, DNA, and genes immortal?

Answer 19

viruses and DNA degrade
genes are potentially immortal

Question 20

mutation

Answer 20

change in gene that is passed from one generation to the next
random error during replication, rare and rarely beneficial

Question 21

do viruses and bacteria contain genes?

Answer 21

yes

Question 22

do viruses and bacteria evolve?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

do viruses and bacteria reproduce?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

do viruses and bacteria require a host?

Answer 24

viruses do
some bacteria do

Question 25

do viruses and bacteria transform energy?

Answer 25

viruses don’t
bacteria do

Question 26

all living organisms exist because…

Answer 26

they survive and reproduce

Question 27

what is life?

Answer 27

the information to harness energy needed to perpetuate that information

Question 28

smallpox virus

Answer 28

first disease with successful vaccine, to be eradicated

Question 29

types of vaccines

Answer 29

related viruses: smallpox
inactivated viruses: influenza
attenuated (still infectious but slow) viruses: measles
mRNA: covid

Question 30

2 origins of viruses

Answer 30

1. regression (degeneration) ex. bacteria loses genes
2. cellular origin (escape) ex. DNA/RNA going bad