Section 1 test study guide

Question 1

Main pancreatic duct

Answer 1

Duct of Wirsung

Question 2

accessory pancreatic duct

Answer 2

duct of santorini

Question 3

pancreatitis signs

Answer 3

n/v

pain abd

mild fever

amylase/lipase up

leukocytes up

Question 4

adenocarcinoma signs

Answer 4

weight loss

decresed appetite

n/v

pain radiating to back

stool changes

painless jaundice

Question 5

pancreatic cells

Answer 5

alpha

beta

delta

Question 6

acini cells

Answer 6

produce up to 2 liters of pancreatic juice per day

arranged in sac-like structures

juice converges into the two ducts which drain into the duodenum for digestion

juice enzymes capable of completeing almost all of the digestoin of our food

Question 7

Pancreas Anatomy

Answer 7

retroperitoneal organ

lies posterior to the stomach, duodenum, proximal jejunum of the small bowel, also the transverse colon run horizontallyh acraoss the ab

contained in the anterior pararenal space

drapes across the mid aspect of the ab, just under the xyphoid process

Question 8

Vascular structure pancreatic head

Answer 8

right lateral to SMV

anterior to IVC

inferior to portal vein

Question 9

Vascular structure Uncinate process

Answer 9

posterior to SMV

may completely surround SMV

anterior to aorta

Question 10

vascular structure neck

Answer 10

anterior to portal confluence

Question 11

vascular structure body

Answer 11

anterior to SMV

splenic vein

SMA

Question 12

vascular structure tail

Answer 12

splenic vein marks posterior border

Question 13

Pancrease main parts

Answer 13

head

Neck

Body

tail

Question 14

normal pancreatic tissue sonographically

Answer 14

echogenicity is caompared to liver

echo intensity is slightly less than surrounding retroperitoneum and slightly greater than liver

texture depends on amount of fat dispersed between the lobules

fat is strongly echogenic so may be isoechoic with surround retroperitoneal fat

echotexture-homogeneous

surface smooth to slightly lobular

Question 15

Aorta

Answer 15

carries blood from heart

enclosed in sheath containing nerve and vein

3 layers

tunica intima

tunica media

tunicat adventitia

Question 16

tunica intima

Answer 16

inner vessel wall

Question 17

tunica media

Answer 17

middle vessel wall

arteries have thicker to allow for great elasticity

Question 18

tunica adventitia

Answer 18

outer vessel wall

Question 19

Arteries arising from aortic arch

Answer 19

brachiocephalic

commom carotid

subclavian

Question 20

Anatomy of Abdominal aorta

Answer 20

endters through aortic hiatus of diaphragm

descends anteriorly and slightly left of vertebral bodies

posterior and left of gastroesophogeal junction

flanked on either side by diaphragmatic crura

Question 21

Aortic branches

Answer 21

Celiac Trunk

SMA

Left & Right Renal A

Left & Right Gonadal A

Root of IMA

Left & Right Common Iliac

Question 22

Atheromatous disease factors

Answer 22

incidence increases with age

affects more men than women

smoking

hyperlipidemia

diabetes

HBP

Question 23

Aneurysm

Answer 23

swelling in bloos vessel with focal or diffuse

2 types

true

false (pseudo)

Question 24

abdomial aorta aneurysm

AAA

Answer 24

95% are infrarenal

30-60% are assymptomatic

may have ab, leg or back pain

higher ince=idence in Men over 60

incidence of AAAis 70-90% in men over 65

Question 25

Sonographic appearance of AAA

Answer 25

focal dilation of aorta larger than 3cm

elongate as the grow

most deflect to left or kink anteriorly or both

aventitia is generallly echogenic from adjacent fibrofatty tissue

mural thrombus is usually low to med echogenicity and makes up most of wall

intimal lining may be smooth or irregula with calcifications

Question 26

AAA measurement

Answer 26

measure outer to outer

maximum true lenght and width and transvers dimensions

document locatoin include suprarenal extension or iliac involvement

document wall type: calcified plaque, flowing blood, soft plaque or well established plaque

Question 27

Descriptive terms for AAA

Answer 27

Bulbous

fusiform

saccular

dumbell

berry

Question 28

Bulbous AAA

Answer 28

sharp junction between normal and abnormal

Question 29

Fusiform AAA

Answer 29

gradual transition between normal and abnormal

Question 30

Saccular AAA

Answer 30

sharp sudden transition between normal and abnormal

Question 31

Dumbell AAA

Answer 31

figure 8 appearance

Question 32

berry

Answer 32

rippled appearcance

mostly in cephalic region