Section 1: Scientific Reasoning Flashcards
Mean
The sum of all values divided by the number of observations in the dataset.
Mode
The most frequent value in the dataset.
Median
The middle value found in the dataset.
Variable
A characteristic or quantity that changes over time.
Frequency
The number of times that a value within a range was observed.
Relative Frequency
The proportion of times the values in a rage were observed.
Probability
A mathematical function that enables one to calculate the probability of observing a value within any range.
Parameter
A constant in a mathematical function.
Normal Probability Distribution
A parameter that represents the expected value of a variable.
Standard Deviation
A parameter that represents the uncertainty in the value of a variable.
Inductive Reasoning
The process of using specific data to construct a general model.
Deductive Reasoning
The process of using a general model to predict a specific outcome.
Sum of Squares
A measure of the deviations between observed values of a variable and the mean.
Independent Variable
A variable whose expected value remains independent of the values of other variables.
Dependent Variable
A variable whose expected value depends on the values of other variables.
Intercept
A parameter that defines the value of the dependent variable when the value of the independent variable equals zero.
Slope
A parameter that defines how a change in the value of the independent variable affects the expected value of the dependent variable.
