Section 1-People

Question 1

Who proposed the concept that the male parent supplies a miniature individual which is transmitted by blood?

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

In 1695, which well-respected scholar recorded drawings of a sperm sample that included a tiny man (homunculus) inside the sperm head?

Answer 2

Nicolaas Hartsoeker

Question 3

Who maintained that each organ in our body originates from an individual element called a “gemmule”?

Answer 3

Hippocrates

Question 4

Who is credited with being the first biologist to systematically study genetic crosses using tobacco plants?

Answer 4

Joseph Kolreuter

Question 5

Was a substitute teacher who failed his licensing exam then became an ordained minister in 1847.

Answer 5

Gregor Mendal

Question 6

Who deduced three principles by which heritable traits are transmitted?

Answer 6

Gregor Mendal

Question 7

Who published their pioneering work in an obscure local journal in 1866, hypothesizing a “heritable factor” later to be known as a gene?

Answer 7

Gregor Mendal

Question 8

What do Eduard Strasburger, Edouard van Beneden, and Walther Fleming have in common?

Answer 8

They were European scientists who perfected the technique of staining the nucleus and chromosomes.

Question 9

Who examined the distribution of chromosomes during cell division, coining the term mitosis?

Answer 9

Walther Flemming

Question 10

What do Carl Correns, Hugo de Vries, and Erich von Tscgermak have in common?

Answer 10

They each hybridized different plant species in an attempt to link the field of genetics to evolution.

Question 11

Which two scientists noticed that chromosomes in the nucleus segregated during meiosis in accordance with Mendal’s findings?

Answer 11

American scientist Walter Sutton and Theodor Boveri from Germany

Question 12

In 1905, Which English embryologist coined the term “genetics” to describe the sub-discipline of biology that studies inheritance and genetic variation?

Answer 12

William Bateson

Question 13

Which two scientists discovered linked genes and epistasis?

Answer 13

William Bateson and Reginald Punnet

Question 14

Nettie Stevens and Edmund Wilson separately discovered what?

Answer 14

The differences in the chromosome makeup of females (XX) and males (XY)

Question 15

Who discovered sex-linked genes and that these genes do not follow Mendal’s law of independent assortment?

Answer 15

Edmund Wilson

Question 16

In 1902, British Physician________, noticed a defect in amino acid metabolism due to lack of an enzyme.

Answer 16

Archibald Garrod

Question 17

Who offered the first description of a genetic disease?

Answer 17

Archibald Garrod

Question 18

Studying mutation and the formation of new species, who reared millions of fruit flies to study the pattern of eye color inheritance?

Answer 18

Thomas Hunt Morgan

Question 19

Who created the first linkage map showing the location of genes on a chromosome and the likelihood that they will be inherited together?

Answer 19

Thomas Hunt Morgan’s student Alfred Sturtevant

Question 20

Using cell division in grasshopper testes, who showed the first cytological evidence that chromosomes are independently assorted following Mendal’s laws?

Answer 20

Estella Elinor Carothers

Question 21

Who published a paper in 1918 to reconcile unresolved ideas in Darwin’s evolution and Mendal’s genetic research?

Answer 21

R.A. Fisher

Question 22

Who was a pioneer in the use of statistical methods in scientific research?

Answer 22

R.A Fisher

Question 23

What do R.A Fisher, Sewall Wright, and J.B.S Haldane have in common?

Answer 23

They launched the era of the modern synthesis of the theory of evolution.

Question 24

Who was a proponent of eugenics and a strong advocate for improving the genetic composition of human populations for the purpose of achieving supremacy and purity among certain populations?

Answer 24

R.A Fisher

Question 25

Who offered the first major challenge to eugenics when they showed environmental influences on the genetics of the fruit fly?

Answer 25

Thomas Morgan

Question 26

Who is the father of taxonomy?

Answer 26

Carl von Linne or Carolus Linnaeus

Question 27

Who proposed that the natural world could be divided into three major kingdoms: Animal, Vegetable, and Mineral?

Answer 27

Linnaeus

Question 28

Who first discovered and named the cell when observing dried-up plant cells in common cork in 1665?

Answer 28

Robert Hooke

Question 29

Who was the first person to actually see live cells (taken from pond water) under the microscope?

Answer 29

Anton von Leeuwenhoek

Question 30

Who was the first to describe and name the nucleus in their presentation at the Linnean Society of London in 1831?

Answer 30

Scottish Botonist Robert Brown

Question 31

Who proposed that the nucleus played a role in cellular reproduction in 1838?

Answer 31

Matthias Schleiden

Question 32

Which three scientists developed the cell theory?

Answer 32

Theodor Schwann, Rudolf Virchow, and Matthias Schleiden

Question 33

German Physician____________, was the first scientist to identify the bacterium anthrax and associate microorganisms with infectious diseases.

Answer 33

Robert Koch

Question 34

Which two scientists set up experiments to test the hypothesis that simple molecules can form organic molecules under the conditions that were present on early earth?

Answer 34

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey