Section 1- Key Concepts In Biology Flashcards
Organisms can be…
Describe both
Organisms can be Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes.
Eukaryotic cells are complex and includes all animal and plant cells.
Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler, e.g. bacteria
Name the 5 sub cellular structures in an animal cell.
1) Nucleus
2) Cytoplasm
3) Cell Membrane
4) Mitochondria
5) Ribosomes
Name the 3 extra sub cellular structures of a plant cell.
1) Rigid Cell Wall
2) Large Vacuole
3) Chloroplasts
The Nucleus…
…contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell. Genetic material is arranged into chromosomes.
The Cytoplasm…
…is a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions happen. It contains enzymes that control these chemical reactions.
The Cell Membrane…
…holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out.
The Mitochondria…
…is where most of the reactions for respiration takes place. Respiration transfers energy that the cells need to work.
The Ribosomes…
…are involved in translation of genetic material in the synthesis of proteins.
Rigid Cell Wall…
…is made of cellulose. It supports the cell and strengthens it.
Large Vacuole…
…contains cell sap,a weak solution of sugar and salts. It maintains the internal pressure to support the cell.
Chloroplasts…
…these are where photosynthesis occurs, which makes food for the plant. They contain a green substance called chlorophyll.
What are the 5 sub cellular structures of a bacteria cell?
1) Chromosomal DNA
2) Ribosomes
3) Cell Membrane
4) Plasmid DNA
5) Flagellum (plural flagella)
Describe the Chromosomal DNA.
The Chromosomal DNA is one long circular chromosome. It controls the cell’s activities and replication. It flows free in the Cytoplasm.
Describe the Plasmid DNA
The Plasmid DNA is small loops of extra DNA that aren’t part of the Chromosome. Plasmids contain genes for things like drug resistance,and can be passed between bacteria.
Describe the flagellum.
Flagella are long, hair-like structures that rotates to make the bacteria move. It can be used to move the bacteria away from harmful substances like toxins and towards beneficial things like nutrients or oxygen.
