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Chemistry 1 Honors > Section 1 Chapter 1 And 2 > Flashcards

Section 1 Chapter 1 And 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Science

A

Coming to facts and laws based on observation and testing

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2
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of composition, structure, and properties of matter and it’s changes

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3
Q

Chemical

A

Any substance with an defined composition

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4
Q

Mass

A

Measure of the amount of matter in an object

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5
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Memory tip: you only matter if you take up space

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6
Q

Atom

A

Smallest unit of an element with chemical properties of an element

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7
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substance and it’s made up of one type of atom.

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8
Q

Compound

A

A substance that can be broken down into simpler stable substances.

Memory tip: it’s is a compound of multiple atoms

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9
Q

Extensive property

A

Depends on the extent or size of a system

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10
Q

Example of extensive properties

A

Volume, mass, the amount of energy in a substance

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11
Q

Intensive property

A

Does not depend on the amount of energy present

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12
Q

Examples of intensive property

A

Melting point, boiling point, density, conductivity, ability to transfer anergy as heat

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13
Q

Physical property

A

A characteristic of a property that doesn’t involve a chemical change

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14
Q

Example of physical property

A

Density, hardness, color

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15
Q

Chemical property

A

Ability to undergo a chemical reaction

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16
Q

Physical change

A

A change that doesn’t change the identity of a substance

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17
Q

Example of physical change

A

Cutting paper, breaking glass

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18
Q

Chemical change/reaction

A

Substances converted into different substances

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19
Q

Examples of chemical change

A

Burning fire

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20
Q

What are signs that a chemical change occurred?

A

Color change, release of gas, energy change, precipitation formed.

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21
Q

What does radioactive mean?

A

Atoms that makeup a substance literally break apart or decay ☢️☢️

Ex: something happened to the joker when he went in something radioactive

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22
Q

Should you trust all scientific claims?

A

You should have some level of trust in them but also think for yourself. Some scientific claims are made for businesses.

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23
Q

What does the word chemistry derive from?

A

Alchemy

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24
Q

What is basic research?

A

Basic research helps build knowledge and can lead to chance discoveries

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25
Q

What is an example of basic research?

A

Roy Plunkett determined non-stick by accident through basic research

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26
Q

What is applied research?

A

Applied research is carried out to solve a problem

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27
Q

Technological Development

A

Produces/uses products that improve quality of life.

It often comes after basic and applied research

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28
Q

True or false: chemistry is purely practical

A

False; for example, fireworks are a result of chemistry

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29
Q

What do pharmaceuticals do?

A

They us computers to build desirable/specific molecules

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30
Q

What does forensics do?

A

They work on crime scenes, making hard to copy money builds, and they must be good at speaking because they are often called to court.

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31
Q

What happens in green chemistry?

A

They work towards reducing waste in smart ways not cleaning it.

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32
Q

What is a state change?

A

A physical change of a substance from one state to another m

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33
Q

What is a solid?

A

Definite shape and volume

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34
Q

What is a liquid?

A

Definite volume but not definite shape

35
Q

What is a gas?

A

Neither definite shape nor volume

36
Q

True or false: a change of state does not change the identity a substance

A

True

37
Q

What are the symbols for a solid, liquid, gas, and aqueous solution?

A 
Solid = s
Liquid = l
Gas = g
Aqueous = aq
38
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A mixture is a blend of at least two kinds of matter, each with its own properties and identity. (Can usually be separated)

39
Q

Define homogeneous

A

Mixture with a uniform composition (same proportion throughout) AKA solutions

40
Q

Define heterozygous.

A

Mixtures that aren’t uniform throughout

41
Q

What are ways you can separate mixtures?

A

Filtration, vaporation, centrifuge, paper chromatography.

42
Q

Define a pure substance

A

Fixed composition and always homozygous

43
Q

What is an example of a pure substance?

A

Water because it has a fixed composition of hydrogen and oxygen

44
Q

How do pure substances and mixtures differ?

A
45
Q

What are the types of chemistry?

A

Organic - carbon containing
Inorganic - non organic
Physical - changes/properties of matter
Analytical - identification of parts of materials
Biochem - process of living things
Theoretical - use of math/computers with chemicals and new compounds

46
Q

Where are metals on the periodic table?

A

They are to the right

47
Q

Where are metalloids on the periodic table?

A

They are between metals and nonmetals, hugging the staircase

48
Q

Where are nonmetals on the periodic table?

A

They are to the right.

49
Q

What are columns of the periodic table called and what are they?

A

Groups or families; elements with similar properties

50
Q

What are the rows on a periodic table called and what are they?

A

They are periods; they tend to be more similar if they are close then if they are far apart

51
Q

What are properties of metals?

A

They are conductors, ductile, malleable, and they have tensile strength and luster.

52
Q

What are properties of nonmetals?

A

Nonmetals are poor conductors and they are brittle.

53
Q

What are properties of metalloids?

A

They share some characteristics of metals and nonmetals; they are solids at room temp, semiconductors, and somewhat brittle and malleable, and they have some luster.

54
Q

What do the particles of a solid look like?

A

They are packed together and in a relatively fixed position

55
Q

What do the particles of a liquid look like?

A

They are close but they can pass by each other.

56
Q

What do the particles of a gas look like?

A

They are far apart and move rapidly

57
Q

What are alkaline metals?

A

They are silver, soft, reactivate, and never alone in nature

58
Q

What are alkaline earth metals?

A

They are harder, reactive (2nd to alkaline) and not alone in nature

59
Q

What are halogen metals?

A

They are the most reactive non metals and they aren’t found in nature

60
Q

What is the scientific method?

A

A logical method of solving problems by observing, collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing it, and formulating theories based on those tests.

61
Q

What is qualitative data?

A

Non numerical information

62
Q

Examples of qualitative data

A

Color, feeling, smell.

63
Q

What is quantitative data

A

Numerical information

64
Q

Examples of quantitative data

A

Height, weight, mass

65
Q

What is a hypothesis?

A

A testable statement

66
Q

What is a variable?

A

Things you cannot control or allow to change in an experiment

67
Q

What is a control?

A

Something you don’t change in an experiment

68
Q

What is a theory?

A

Generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomenon. Tested multiple times.

69
Q

What is a model?

A

An explanation of how phenomenon occurs and how data or events are related. Comes after hypothesis and theory.

70
Q

What is the SI unit for mass?

A

For m it is kilogram (kg)

71
Q

What is the SI unit for length

A

For l it is meter (m)

72
Q

What is the SI unit for time

A

For t it is second (s)

73
Q

What is the SI unit for temperature?

A

For T it is kelvin (K)

74
Q

What is weight

A

The gravitational pull on matter

75
Q

What is the SI unit for volume?

A

For V it is cubic meter (m^3)

76
Q

What is the SI unit for density?

A

For D it is kilograms per cubic meter

kg/m^3

77
Q

What is volume?

A

The amount of space something occupies

78
Q

What is the difference between mass and weight?

A

Mass is the measure of the amount of matter while weight is the measure of the gravitational pull on matter.

79
Q

What is the formula for density?

A

m
D= —-
V

80
Q

How to convert between °C and K

A

Add 273 to °C and subtract 273 to K

81
Q

Dimensional analysis set up

A

Quantity sought = quantity given × conversion factor

82
Q

What is accuracy?

A

The closeness of measurements to correct value

83
Q

What is precision?

A

The closeness of a set of values to each other

84
Q

Percentage error calculation

A

Experimental - excepted
———————————– × 100%
Excepted

Chemistry 1 Honors (3 decks)

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