Section 1 Flashcards
1
Q
The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment
A
Internal Feedback
2
Q
Refers to a person with a BMI of 25 - 29.9.
A
Overweight
3
Q
Bisecting the body into top and bottom halves
A
Transverse plane
4
Q
The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response
A
Integrative function
5
Q
How many phases does the Power Phase have?
A
One - Level 5: Power Level Training
6
Q
Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body
A
Peripheral nervous system
7
Q
Training that promotes proper mechanics, reaction, and maintenance of posture during dynamic movements when the center fo gravity is moving
A
Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) training
8
Q
The body’s ability to differentiate between walking on concrete and walking on sand is an example of which of the following functions of the nervous system?
a) Arthrokinematic
b) Sensory
c) Motor
d) Integrative
A
b) Sensory
9
Q
In which of the following scenarios would energy be mostly derived from anaerobic metabolism?
a) When an athlete begins an activity
b) When an athlete reduces the duration of an activity
c) When an athlete is in a steady state or at rest
d) When an athlete experiences temporary fatigue
A
a) When an athlete begins an activity
10
Q
Positioned furthest from the center of the body, or point of reference
A
Distal
11
Q
A client runs a mile in 6 min and 30 seconds. Which of the following energy systems is the client primarily using to produce energy?
a) Oxidative
b) ATP-PC
c) Anaerobic glycolysis
d) Phosphagen
A
a) Oxidative
12
Q
The neuromuscular response to sensory information
A
Motor function
13
Q
A force that produces rotation.
A
Torque
14
Q
Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
A
Force-couple
15
Q
Occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening
A
Eccentric muscle action
16
Q
Positioned above the point of reference
A
Superior
17
Q
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position
A
Horizontal abduction
18
Q
In which plane of motion does a hammer curl occur?
a) Transverse
b) Frontal
c) Sagittal
d) Anterior-posterior
A
c) Sagittal
19
Q
Which term refers to the ability of muscles to exert maximal power in a minimal amount of time?
a) Pertubation
b) Sesorimotor control
c) Maximal tetanic tension
d) Rate of force production
A
d) Rate of force production
20
Q
Set of two or more exercises that are performed back-to-back without any rest time between them
A
Superset
21
Q
A muscle’s ability to contract for an extended period
A
Muscular endurance
22
Q
Training that focuses on the activation of overactive muscles to decrease possibility of injury as well as used for muscle growth
A
Resistance training
23
Q
Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body
A
Adduction
24
Q
The hormone that is produced during times of stress and is catabolic
A
Cortisol
25
Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli
Motor behavior
26
A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.
Extension
27
On the back of the body
Posterior (or dorsal)
28
Movement of the bones around the joints
Rotary motion
29
What does the blood do as protection as part of the support mechanism?
Clotting to avoid excessive bleeding and contains specialized immune cells to help fight diseases and sickness.
30
When an exercise is high intensity and last about 10 seconds, which of the following energy pathways is predominantly in use?
a) Aerobic
b) Glycolysis
c) ATP-PC
d) Oxidative
c) ATP-PC
31
Within what range is the typical resting heart rate of a human being?
a) 50 - 70 bpm
b) 90 - 100 bpm
c) 10 - 40 bpm
d) 70 - 80 bpm
d) 70 - 80 bpm
32
Sutures of the skull are examples of what joint type?
Nonsynovial joint
33
Which muscle action occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle?
a) Isometric
b) Concentric
c) Isokinetic
d) Eccentric
b) Concentric
34
For which activity is the oxidative system primarily used?
a) Sprinting 40 yards
b) Executing a 1RM clean and jerk
c) Jogging for 30 minutes
d) Performing a 1RM squat
c) Jogging for 30 minutes
35
What does blood transport as part of the support mechanism?
Oxygen and nutrients to tissues, waste products from tissues, hormones to organs and tissues, and heat throughout the body.
36
What is the concept that integrates practice and experiences for a relatively permanent change in motor control processes?
a) Motor remodeling
b) Sensorimotor integration
c) Motor learning
d) Feedback learning
c) Motor learning
37
Which of the following is a small terminal branch of an artery, which ends in the capillaries?
a) Vein
b) Arteriole
c) Atrium
d) Venule
b) Arteriole
38
Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also known as articulation.
Joints
39
Also known as the "master" gland
Pituitary gland
40
The two hormone that helps regulate energy and glucose metabolism in the body
Insulin and Glucagon
41
Smaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the three building blocks of training.
Phases of Training
42
The body's framework composed of bones and joints
Skeletal system
43
Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another
Interneurons
44
Chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency is
Diabetes mellitus
45
What Respiratory Quotient (RQ) indicates 100% carbohydrate fueling?
1.0
46
The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFA) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of ATP.
B-oxidation (beta-oxidation)
47
Vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
Veins
48
A state of lost physical fitnes, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability is
Deconditioned
49
The condition of being considerably overweight.
Obesity
50
The three oxidative or aerobic systems include:
Aerobic glycolysis;
The Krebs cycle; and
The electron transport chain (ETC)
51
Feeback used after the completion of a movement, to help inform the client about the outcome of his performance.
Knowledge of results
52
Information provided by some external source, such as health and fitness professional , videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment
External Feedback
53
Which term refers to the assistance of amino acids in energy production during periods of starvation?
a) Kreb's cycle
b) The Cori cycle
c) Glyogenesis
d) Gluconeogenesis
d) Gluconeogenesis
54
Feedback that provides information about the quality of the movement during exercise.
Knowledge of performance
55
Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products.
Blood
56
Bisecting the body into front and back halves
Frontal plane
57
How many phases does the Stabilization Phase have?
One - Level 1: Stabilization Endurance Training
58
Series of muscles that move the skeleton
Muscular system
59
What are the three levels of the OPT Model?
Stabilization, Strength, and Power
60
What is neuromuscular efficiency?
a) A muscle's ability to contract for an extended period of time
b) Ability of neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion.
c) Ability of the body's stablizing muscles to provide force for movement
d) The cumulative input to the peripheral nervous system from internal organs
b) Ability of neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion.
61
The shoulder is an example of what type of joint?
Ball-and-socket joint
62
The trunk rotation and golf swing are examples of movement within which plane?
Transverse plane
63
Vessels that transport blood away from the heart.
Arteries
64
Positioned on the same side of the body
Ipsilateral
65
Which mechanoreceptor helps prevent muscles from stretching too far too fast?
a) Intercalated disc
b) Muscle spindle
c) Ruffini endings
d) Golgi tendon organ
b) Muscle spindle
66
The carpometacarpal is an example of what joint type?
Saddle joint
67
Which of the following is true of type I, or slow twitch, muscle fibers?
a) They are faster than type II muscle fibers to produce maximal tension.
b) They contain more capillaries, mitrochondria, and myoglobin than type II muscle fibers.
c) They are larger in size that type II muscle fibers and are referred to as white fibers.
d) They have a low oxidative capacity and fatigue quickly.
b) They contain more capilaries, mitrochondria, and myoglobin than type II muscle fibers.
68
Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.
Hyperextension
69
Type II muscle fiber is also known as:
Fast-twitch
70
The rate of force production relates to the ability of muscles to do which of the following?
a) Exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time
b) React to a stimulus without hesitation
c) Release energy in a controlled manner
d) Decrease the reaction time of the muscle action spectrum
a) Exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time
71
A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle
Epimysium
72
The carpals fo the hand are examples of what type of joint?
Gliding joint
73
The main focus of Level 2: Strength Endurance Training is:
Enhance stabilization endurance while increasing prime mover strength.
74
The muscle under the lungs and is responsible for concentrically pulling the central tendon inferiorly, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
Diaphram
75
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs through which of the following vessels?
a) Aortic valve
b) Aortic arch
c) Pulmonary arteries
d) Pulmonary veins
c) Pulmonary arteries
76
Which of the following is muscle that acts as the initial and main source of motive power?
a) Fixator
b) Neurtralizer
c) Primer mover
d) Antagonist
c) Prime mover
77
Training of the body that integrates stretches to produce maximum extensibility of tissues
Flexibility training
78
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward
Anatomic position
79
The rate at which the heart pumps
Heart rate
80
WIth which of the following terms is eccentric motion synonymous?
a) Deceleration
b) Constant length
c) Constant force
d) Acceleration
a) Deceleration
81
What is the body's motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli called?
a) Motor behavior
b) Arthrokinematics
c) Homeostasis
d) Force-couple
a) Motor behavior
82
On the front of the body
Anterior (or ventral)
83
The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.
Diffusion
84
Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body
Synovial joints
85
The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin
Sarcomere
86
A person who is 30 pounds over the recommended weight for their height
Obesity
87
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
Axial skeleton
88
The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers
Endomysium
89
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length
Length-tension relationship
90
Which of the following involves performing exercises in a superset sequence?
a) Speed Endurance Training
b) Aerobic Endurance Training
c) Anaerobic Endurance Training
d) Strength Endurance Training
d) Strength Endurance Training
91
The main focus of Level 3: Hypertrophy Training is:
Maximal muscle growth (bodybuilding)
92
Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body
Internal rotation
93
Which of the following is true of skeletal muscle?
a) Skeletal muscle fibers are shorter than cardiac muscle fibers
b) Skeletal muscle fibers are more tightly connected than cardiac muscle fibers
c) It is composed of intercalated discs
d) It is a voluntary muscle
d) It is a voluntary muscle
94
Positioned near the middle of the body
Medial
95
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement
Proprioception
96
Movement in the frontal plane away from the midline of the body
Abduction
97
The main focuses of Level 1: Stabilization Endurance level are?
Muscular endurance and neuromuscular efficiency.
98
Is composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissues (muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration.
Respiratory pump
99
The amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction.
Stroke volume
100
Chemical messengers that cross the neuromuscular junction (synapse) to transmit electrical impulses from the nerve to the muscle
Neurotransmitters
101
Which systems accomplish human movement through their functional integration?
a) Muscular, nervous, and skeletal systems
b) Digestive, endocrine, and renal systems
c) Integumentary, exocrine, and circulatory systems
d) Cardiac, respiratory, and lymphatic systems
a) Muscular, nervous, and skeletal systems
102
The ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either the internal or external environment
Sensory function
103
The primary anabolic hormone
Growth hormone
104
Training that generates quick, powerful movements involving explosive concentric muscle contractions preceded by an eccentric muscle action
Plyometric (reactive) training
105
A bending movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments decreases.
Flexion
106
The combination and interrelation of the nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems?
Human movement system
107
Network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body
Blood vessels
108
Which of the following refers to vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart?
a) Arterioles
b) Veins
c) Carotids
d) Arteries
b) Veins
109
Positioned toward the outside of the body
Lateral
110
The ability of the neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion
Neuromuscular efficiency
111
Cartilage that covers the articular surfaces of bones
Articular (hyaline) cartilage
112
Bones in the respiratory pump
Sternum, ribs, vertebrae
113
Refers to a person with a BMI of 30 or greater
Obesity
114
The muscle that assists the prime mover in performing the movement is:
Synergist
115
Internal rotation refers to the rotation of a joint in which of the following directions?
a) Toward the middle
b) Toward the upper extremity
c) Away from the right half
d) Away from the middle
a) Toward the middle
116
The smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and tissues.
Capillaries
117
The system of organs (lungs and respiratory passageways) that collects oxygen from the external environment and transports it to the bloodstream.
Respiratory system
118
Which of the following focuses on increasing muscle size?
a) Flexibility training
b) Interval training
c) Hypertrophy training
d) Circuit training
c) Hypertrophy training
119
How many phases does the Strength Phase have?
Three - Level 2: Strength Endurance Training; Level 3: Hypertrophy Training; and Level 4: Maximum Strength Training
120
Provide a resting ground for muscles and protection of vital organs
Bones
121
A person who is 25 - 30 pounds over the recommended weight for their height.
Overweight
122
Integration of mother control processes through practice and experience, leading to a relatively permanent change in the capacity to produce skilled movements
Motor learning
123
What are the three support mechanisms of blood?
Transportation, Regulation, and Protection
124
A dense membrane composed of fibrous connective tissue that closely wraps (invests) all bone, except that of the articulating surfaces in joints, which are covered by a synovial membrane
Periosteum
125
Rotation of a joint away from the middle of the body
External rotation
126
Bisecting the body into right and left sides
Sagittal plane
127
Which of the following is a characteristic of muscle spindles?
a) They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of that change.
b) They are slow twitch, "red" muscle fibers with a high degree of mitrochondria.
c) They provide the ability to sense the relative position of adjacent parts of the body.
d) They transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another.
a) They are sensitive to change in length of muscle and the rate of change.
128
Cholesterol and triglycerides are known as
Blood lipids
129
The central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored
Medullar cavity
130
An unstable (yet controllable) physical situation in which exercises are performed that causes the body to use its internal balance and stabilization mechanisms.
Proprioceptively enriched environment
131
Positioned on the opposite side of the body
Contralateral
132
The superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles.
Atrium
133
Which term refers to fibrous connective tissues that connect bone to bone and provide static and dynamic stability as well as input to the nervous system?
a) Dendrites
b) Ligaments
c) Effectors
d) Tendons
b) Ligaments
134
Joint motion
Arthrokinematics
135
Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint
Muscle imbalance
136
When should the three measurements for resting heart rate be taken for greatest accuracy?
a) At the same time each day upon waking
b) Five minutes apart
c) Immediate before bed
d) After working out
a) At the same time each day upon waking
137
What may be the best measure of cardiorespiratory fitness?
a) Maximal Oxygen Consumption
b) Stroke volume
c) Maximal lung capacity
d) End-diastolic volume
a) Maximal oxygen consumption
138
The muscle that opposes the prime mover is:
Antagonist
139
Training that focuses on building stability of Lumbo Pelvic Hip Complex (LPHC) and progressing to powerful movements.
Core training
140
Which of the following is a primary focus of exercising in the Stabilization level of training?
a) Muscular elasticity
b) Muscular extensibility
c) Muscular degeneration
d) Muscular endurance
d) Muscular endurance
141
The process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body.
Expiration
142
The very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins.
Venules
143
What is the primary cause of musculoskeletal degeneration in the adult population?
a) Low-back pain
b) Spina bifida
c) High blood sugar level
d) Vitamin K deficiency
a) Low-back pain
144
Training that involves and places stress on the cardiorespiratory system
Cardiovascular training
145
The science concerned with the internal and external forces acting on the human body and the effects produced by these forces
Biomechanics
146
The use of sensory information and sensorimotor integration to help the human movement system in motor learning
Feedback
147
Which of the following energy pathways is used for activities lasting between 30 and 50 seconds?
a) Kreb's cycle
b) Glycolysis
c) ATP-CP
d) Oxidative
b) Glycolysis
148
Primary connective tissue that connects bones together and provides stability, input to the nervous system, guidance, and the limitations of joint movement
Ligament
149
Muscle fiber type that is characterized as having less capillaries, mitrochondria, and myoglobin.
Type II
150
Type I muscle fiber is also known as:
Slow-twitch
151
What is the term for the production of force when a muscle is shortening?
a) Isokinetic
b) Concentric
c) Isometric
d) Eccentric
b) Concentric
152
A high-energy compound occuring in all cells from the which adenosine triphosphate (APT) is formed
Adenosine diphosphate
153
Receptors sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of that change
Golgi tendon organs (GTO)
154
The muscle that stabilizes during the movement is:
Stabilizer
155
Positioned below the point of reference
Inferior
156
Adduction is a movement back toward the midline of the body in which of the following planes?
a) Sagittal plane
b) Frontal plane
c) Transverse plane
d) Median plane
b) Frontal plane
157
BMI (metric) =
Weight (kg) / height (m) 2
158
Occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in a shortening of the muscle
Concentric muscle action
159
The muscle that acts as the initial and main source of motive power
Prime mover
160
Muscle fiber type that is characterized as having more capillaries, mitrochondria, and myoglobin.
Type I
161
The portion of the nervous system that consists of the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
162
What is a life-sustaining fluid that supplies the body's organs and cells with oxygen and nutrients and helps regulate body temperature, fight infections, and remove waste products?
a) Exudate
b) Bile
c) Rheum
d) Blood
d) Blood
163
Which of the following is true of glycogen?
a) It is the chemical or substrate form in which most fat exists.
b) It is a complex carbohydrate that can be rapidly broken down into glucose
c) It is a form of glucose storage predominantly in the epidermal cells
d) It is used by the body during short-duration, low intensity activities
b) It is a complex carbohydrate that can be rapidly broken down into glucose.
164
The squat and the bicep curl are examples of movement within which plane?
Sagittal plane
165
The elbow is an example of what joint type?
Hinge joint
166
Positioned nearest the center of the body, or point of reference
Proximal
167
A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
Motor unit
168
What refers to a position relatively closer to the midline of the body?
a) Medial
b) Superior
c) Anterior
d) Distal
a) Medial
169
In which of the following structures are water and chemicals exchanged between the blood and tissues?
a) Capillaries
b) Venules
c) Sinoatrial node
d) Atrioventricular node
a) Capillaries
170
Which of the following consists of a series of irregularly shaped bones divided into five different categories depending on where they are located in the backbone?
a) Medullar cavity
b) Articular cartilage
c) Vertebral column
d) Ephiphyseal plate
c) Vertebral column
171
Connective tissues that attach muscle to bone and provide an anchor for muscles to produce force
Tendons
172
The contraction of a muscle generated by neural stimulation
Neural activation
173
The inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from its corresponding atrium and, in turn, forces blood into the arteries.
Ventricle
174
Muscles in the respiratory pump (inspiratory muscles)
Diaphram, external intercostals, scalenes, sternocleidomastoid, pectoralis minor.
175
The highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion
Maximal oxygen consumption (VOmax)
176
Transmit nerve impulses from effector sites (such as muscles and organs) via receptors to the brain and spinal cord.
Sensory (afferent) neurons
177
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense body position and limb movement.
Proprioception
178
What Respiratory Quotient (RQ) indicates 100% fat fueling?
0.7
179
The side lateral raise and the side lunge are examples of movement within which plane?
Frontal plane
180
Describes how thick and thin filaments within the sarcomere slide past one another, shortening the entire length of the sarcomere and thus shortening the muscle and producing force
Sliding Filament Theory
181
Which of the following is a characteristic of joint receptors in the human body?
a) They respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints
b) They are known as the "soma" and process information from dendrites.
c) They relay information from the joint sites back to the brain via efferent neurons.
d) They are responsible for joint injuries resulting from extreme joint positions.
a) They respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of joints.
182
Heart rate x stroke volume, the overall performance of the heart.
Cardiac output
183
Portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities
Appendicular skeleton
184
The process of actively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body.
Inspiration
185
The concept where moving one joint affects other joints
Kinetic chain
186
A small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles.
Atrioventricular node
187
A conglomeration of billions of cells specifically designed to provide a communication network within the human body
Nervous system
188
True or False: Type IIx fatigues faster than Type IIa muscle fiber?
True. Type IIx muscle fiber has low oxidative capacity.
189
Type IIa muscle fiber is also known as:
Intermediate fast-twitch
190
Receptors surrounding a joint that respond to pressure, acceleration, and deceleration of the joint
Joint receptors
191
Small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries
Arterioles
192
Groups of muscles that are recruited by the central nervous system to provide movement
Muscle synergies
193
What does blood regulate as part of the support mechanism?
Body temperature and acid balance
194
Adduction of scapula; shoulder blades move toward the midline
Scapular retraction
195
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from a lateral position to an anterior position.
Horizontal adduction
196
What are responsible for sensing distortion in body tissues and are located in muscles, tendons, ligaments, and joint capsuels?
a) Osmoreceptors
b) Chemoreceptors
c) Photoreceptors
d) Mechanoreceptors
d) Mechanoreceptors
197
Joints that do not have a joint cavity, connective tissue, or cartilage
Nonsynovial joints
198
The main focus of Level 4: Maximum Strength Training is:
Maximal prime mover strength.
199
The functional unit of the nervous system
Neuron
200
A specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate, often termed the pacemaker for the heart.
Sinoatrial (SA) node
201
BMI (English) =
703 x weight (lb) / height (in) 2
202
Abduction of scapula; shoulder blades move away from the midline
Scapular protraction
203
The cumulative sensory input to the central nervous system from all mechanoreceptors that sense position and limb movements
Proprioception
204
The connective tissue that surrounds fascicles
Perimysium
205
Ability of muscles to exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time
Rate of force production
206
In the endocrine system, which of the following secretes hormones such as corticosteroids and catecholamines in response to stress?
a) Hypothalamus
b) Thyroid gland
c) Adrenal gland
d) Pineal gland
c) Adrenal gland
207
The change in motor skill behavior over time through the lifespan
Motor development
208
Downward (inferior) motion of the scapula
Scapular depression
209
The two catecholamines are
epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine
210
The average stroke volume is
70 ml
211
Receptors sensitive to change in length of the muscle and the rate of that change
Muscle spindles
212
How does metabolism behave during EPOC?
a) Remains elevated
b) Increases
c) Remains unaffected
d) Fluctuates
a) Remains elevated
213
The main focus of Level 5: Power Training is:
Development of speed and power.
214
According to the Optimum Performance Training (OPT) model, which of the following is a goal fo Maximal Strength Phase of training?
a) Decrease metabolic demand
b) Increase the amount of fat loss
c) Increase peak force production
d) Decrease the volume of training
c) Increase peak force production
215
During glycolysis, in the presence of oxygen, pyruvic acid is converted into which important molecule in metabolism?
a) Acetyl coenzyme A
b) Adenosine diphosphate
c) Propinyl coenzyme A
d) Glucose-6-phosphate
a) Acetyl coenzyme A
216
Which term refers to an imaginary bisector that divides the body into front and back halves?
a) Transverse plane
b) Sagittal plane
c) Axial plane
d) Frontal plane
d) Frontal plane
217
Transmit nerve impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effector sites
Motor (efferent) neurons
218
The prime mover is the _________ in the movement.
Agonist
219
Resting oxygen consumption is approximately how many mL of oxygen per kilogram body weight per minute?
a) 35.0 mL
b) 0.35 mL
c) 350 mL
d) 3.5 mL
d) 3.5 mL
220
Which of the following best defines muscle imbalance?
a) Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint
b) The body seeking the path of least resistance during functional movement patterns
c) Exertion of more force by a muscle than what is being placed on it
d) Synergists taking over the function of a weak or inhibited prime mover
a) Alteration of muscle length surrounding a joint
221
The three metabolic pathways in which cells can generate APT
The APT-PC system;
The glycolytic system (glycolysis); and
The oxidative system (oxidative phosphorylation)
222
What usually happens after 90 minutes of exercise?
a) The oxidation of proteins predominates as the primary energy source
b) The majority of muscle glycogen stores are depleted
c) The amount of stored adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the body increases
d) The amount of available fuel for exercise from fats is exhausted
b) The majority of muscle glycogen stores are depleted
223
The cooperation of the nervous and muscular systems in gathering and interpreting information and executing movements
Sensorimotor integration
224
Scientific name for the tailbone
Coccyx
225
The knee is an example of what joint type?
Synovial joint, Condyloid joint
226
Upward (superior) motion of the scapula
Scapular elevation
227
How the central nervous system integrates internal and external sensory information with previous experiences to produce a motor response
Motor control
228
The state in which the body's metabolism is elevated after exercise
Excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC)
229
Training that promotes the maintenance of proper body mechanics to help minimize the possibility of injury
Balance training
230
A state of lost physical fitness, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability.
Deconditioned
231
Energy storage and transfer unit within the cells of the body
Adenosine triphosphate
