Section 1 Flashcards
The process whereby sensory information is used by the body to reactively monitor movement and the environment
Internal Feedback
Refers to a person with a BMI of 25 - 29.9.
Overweight
Bisecting the body into top and bottom halves
Transverse plane
The ability of the nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information to allow for proper decision making, which produces the appropriate response
Integrative function
How many phases does the Power Phase have?
One - Level 5: Power Level Training
Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body
Peripheral nervous system
Training that promotes proper mechanics, reaction, and maintenance of posture during dynamic movements when the center fo gravity is moving
Speed, Agility, and Quickness (SAQ) training
The body’s ability to differentiate between walking on concrete and walking on sand is an example of which of the following functions of the nervous system?
a) Arthrokinematic
b) Sensory
c) Motor
d) Integrative
b) Sensory
In which of the following scenarios would energy be mostly derived from anaerobic metabolism?
a) When an athlete begins an activity
b) When an athlete reduces the duration of an activity
c) When an athlete is in a steady state or at rest
d) When an athlete experiences temporary fatigue
a) When an athlete begins an activity
Positioned furthest from the center of the body, or point of reference
Distal
A client runs a mile in 6 min and 30 seconds. Which of the following energy systems is the client primarily using to produce energy?
a) Oxidative
b) ATP-PC
c) Anaerobic glycolysis
d) Phosphagen
a) Oxidative
The neuromuscular response to sensory information
Motor function
A force that produces rotation.
Torque
Muscle groups moving together to produce movement around a joint
Force-couple
Occurs when a muscle develops tension while lengthening
Eccentric muscle action
Positioned above the point of reference
Superior
Movement of the arm or thigh in the transverse plane from an anterior position to a lateral position
Horizontal abduction
In which plane of motion does a hammer curl occur?
a) Transverse
b) Frontal
c) Sagittal
d) Anterior-posterior
c) Sagittal
Which term refers to the ability of muscles to exert maximal power in a minimal amount of time?
a) Pertubation
b) Sesorimotor control
c) Maximal tetanic tension
d) Rate of force production
d) Rate of force production
Set of two or more exercises that are performed back-to-back without any rest time between them
Superset
A muscle’s ability to contract for an extended period
Muscular endurance
Training that focuses on the activation of overactive muscles to decrease possibility of injury as well as used for muscle growth
Resistance training
Movement in the frontal plane back toward the midline of the body
Adduction
The hormone that is produced during times of stress and is catabolic
Cortisol
Motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli
Motor behavior
A straightening movement in which the relative angle between two adjacent segments increases.
Extension
On the back of the body
Posterior (or dorsal)
Movement of the bones around the joints
Rotary motion
What does the blood do as protection as part of the support mechanism?
Clotting to avoid excessive bleeding and contains specialized immune cells to help fight diseases and sickness.
When an exercise is high intensity and last about 10 seconds, which of the following energy pathways is predominantly in use?
a) Aerobic
b) Glycolysis
c) ATP-PC
d) Oxidative
c) ATP-PC
Within what range is the typical resting heart rate of a human being?
a) 50 - 70 bpm
b) 90 - 100 bpm
c) 10 - 40 bpm
d) 70 - 80 bpm
d) 70 - 80 bpm
Sutures of the skull are examples of what joint type?
Nonsynovial joint
Which muscle action occurs when a muscle is exerting force greater than the resistive force, resulting in shortening of the muscle?
a) Isometric
b) Concentric
c) Isokinetic
d) Eccentric
b) Concentric
For which activity is the oxidative system primarily used?
a) Sprinting 40 yards
b) Executing a 1RM clean and jerk
c) Jogging for 30 minutes
d) Performing a 1RM squat
c) Jogging for 30 minutes
What does blood transport as part of the support mechanism?
Oxygen and nutrients to tissues, waste products from tissues, hormones to organs and tissues, and heat throughout the body.
What is the concept that integrates practice and experiences for a relatively permanent change in motor control processes?
a) Motor remodeling
b) Sensorimotor integration
c) Motor learning
d) Feedback learning
c) Motor learning
Which of the following is a small terminal branch of an artery, which ends in the capillaries?
a) Vein
b) Arteriole
c) Atrium
d) Venule
b) Arteriole
Junctions of bones, muscles, and connective tissue at which movement occurs. Also known as articulation.
Joints
Also known as the “master” gland
Pituitary gland
The two hormone that helps regulate energy and glucose metabolism in the body
Insulin and Glucagon
Smaller divisions of training progressions that fall within the three building blocks of training.
Phases of Training
The body’s framework composed of bones and joints
Skeletal system
Transmit nerve impulses from one neuron to another
Interneurons
Chronic metabolic disorder caused by insulin deficiency is
Diabetes mellitus
What Respiratory Quotient (RQ) indicates 100% carbohydrate fueling?
1.0
The breakdown of triglycerides into smaller subunits called free fatty acids (FFA) to convert FFAs into acyl-CoA molecules, which then are available to enter the Krebs cycle and ultimately lead to the production of ATP.
B-oxidation (beta-oxidation)
Vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart.
Veins
A state of lost physical fitnes, which may include muscle imbalances, decreased flexibility, and a lack of core and joint stability is
Deconditioned
The condition of being considerably overweight.
Obesity
The three oxidative or aerobic systems include:
Aerobic glycolysis;
The Krebs cycle; and
The electron transport chain (ETC)
Feeback used after the completion of a movement, to help inform the client about the outcome of his performance.
Knowledge of results
Information provided by some external source, such as health and fitness professional , videotape, mirror, or heart rate monitor, to supplement the internal environment
External Feedback
Which term refers to the assistance of amino acids in energy production during periods of starvation?
a) Kreb’s cycle
b) The Cori cycle
c) Glyogenesis
d) Gluconeogenesis
d) Gluconeogenesis
Feedback that provides information about the quality of the movement during exercise.
Knowledge of performance
Fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also rids the body of waste products.
Blood
Bisecting the body into front and back halves
Frontal plane
How many phases does the Stabilization Phase have?
One - Level 1: Stabilization Endurance Training
Series of muscles that move the skeleton
Muscular system
What are the three levels of the OPT Model?
Stabilization, Strength, and Power
What is neuromuscular efficiency?
a) A muscle’s ability to contract for an extended period of time
b) Ability of neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion.
c) Ability of the body’s stablizing muscles to provide force for movement
d) The cumulative input to the peripheral nervous system from internal organs
b) Ability of neuromuscular system to enable all muscles to efficiently work together in all planes of motion.
The shoulder is an example of what type of joint?
Ball-and-socket joint
The trunk rotation and golf swing are examples of movement within which plane?
Transverse plane
Vessels that transport blood away from the heart.
Arteries
Positioned on the same side of the body
Ipsilateral
Which mechanoreceptor helps prevent muscles from stretching too far too fast?
a) Intercalated disc
b) Muscle spindle
c) Ruffini endings
d) Golgi tendon organ
b) Muscle spindle
The carpometacarpal is an example of what joint type?
Saddle joint
Which of the following is true of type I, or slow twitch, muscle fibers?
a) They are faster than type II muscle fibers to produce maximal tension.
b) They contain more capillaries, mitrochondria, and myoglobin than type II muscle fibers.
c) They are larger in size that type II muscle fibers and are referred to as white fibers.
d) They have a low oxidative capacity and fatigue quickly.
b) They contain more capilaries, mitrochondria, and myoglobin than type II muscle fibers.
Extension of a joint beyond the normal limit or range of motion.
Hyperextension
Type II muscle fiber is also known as:
Fast-twitch
The rate of force production relates to the ability of muscles to do which of the following?
a) Exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time
b) React to a stimulus without hesitation
c) Release energy in a controlled manner
d) Decrease the reaction time of the muscle action spectrum
a) Exert maximal force output in a minimal amount of time
A layer of connective tissue that is underneath the fascia and surrounds the muscle
Epimysium
The carpals fo the hand are examples of what type of joint?
Gliding joint
The main focus of Level 2: Strength Endurance Training is:
Enhance stabilization endurance while increasing prime mover strength.
The muscle under the lungs and is responsible for concentrically pulling the central tendon inferiorly, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity
Diaphram
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs through which of the following vessels?
a) Aortic valve
b) Aortic arch
c) Pulmonary arteries
d) Pulmonary veins
c) Pulmonary arteries
Which of the following is muscle that acts as the initial and main source of motive power?
a) Fixator
b) Neurtralizer
c) Primer mover
d) Antagonist
c) Prime mover
Training of the body that integrates stretches to produce maximum extensibility of tissues
Flexibility training
The position with the body erect with the arms at the sides and the palms forward
Anatomic position
The rate at which the heart pumps
Heart rate
WIth which of the following terms is eccentric motion synonymous?
a) Deceleration
b) Constant length
c) Constant force
d) Acceleration
a) Deceleration
What is the body’s motor response to internal and external environmental stimuli called?
a) Motor behavior
b) Arthrokinematics
c) Homeostasis
d) Force-couple
a) Motor behavior
On the front of the body
Anterior (or ventral)
The process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body.
Diffusion
Joints that are held together by a joint capsule and ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body
Synovial joints
The functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction and consists of repeating sections of actin and myosin
Sarcomere
A person who is 30 pounds over the recommended weight for their height
Obesity
Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column
Axial skeleton
The deepest layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fibers
Endomysium
The resting length of a muscle and the tension the muscle can produce at this resting length
Length-tension relationship
Which of the following involves performing exercises in a superset sequence?
a) Speed Endurance Training
b) Aerobic Endurance Training
c) Anaerobic Endurance Training
d) Strength Endurance Training
d) Strength Endurance Training
The main focus of Level 3: Hypertrophy Training is:
Maximal muscle growth (bodybuilding)
Rotation of a joint toward the middle of the body
Internal rotation
