Section 1 Flashcards
What do compounds with ionic bonding always have?
Giant ionic structures.
How are giant ionic structures held together?
Closely packed 3D lattice arrangement by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
What is the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions?
Very strong.
Why is the boiling point of giant ionic structures so high?
A lot of energy is required to overcome the strong attraction.
How do the charges of the ion affect the structure?
It affects the strength of the ionic bonding. 2+ or 2- is stronger than 1+ or 1-.
What do higher charged ions mean?
Higher melting and boiling points.
In diamond what does each carbon atom form?
Four covalent bonds in a very rigid giant covalent structure.
What is the hardest natural substance?
Diamond.
What is diamond used for?
Drill tips and cutting tools.
In graphite what does each carbon atom form?
Three covalent bonds creating layers.
What do the layers in graphite allow?
Free to slide over one another.
What does this mean graphite is good for?
A good lubricant.
What does the sliding also do?
Leaves free electrons, so graphite is the only non-metal which is a good conductor of electricity.
How can the theoretical yield be calculated?
From the balanced equation.
Percentage yield =
actual yield / theoretical yield x 100
What does 100% yield mean?
You got all the product you expected to get.
What is 6.023 x 10 to the 23?
Avogadro’s number or the Avogadro constant.
What can you think of a mole as?
The Avogadro number of particles in a substance, where the particles are atoms, molecules, ions or electrons.