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Personal Trainer > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who is a personal trainer?

A

An individual who educates and trains clients in the performance of safe and appropriate exercises to effectively lead their clients to optimal health.

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2
Q

What percentage of Americans remain sedentary?

A

25%

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3
Q

List 8 areas of knowledge a personal trainer should know.

A

Exercise programming, exercise physiology, functional anatomy and biomechanics, assessment and fitness testing, nutrition and weight management, basic emergency procedures and safety, program administration, human behavior/motivation.

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4
Q

Where does the energy come from that fuels our physical activity?

A

Carbs, protein, and fats.

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5
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment.

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6
Q

List an define the two phases of metabolism.

A

Anabolism - the building up of complex chemical compounds from simpler compounds

Catabolism - the breaking down of complex chemical compounds into simpler compounds

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7
Q

What is BMR and how does it relate to our metabolic set point?

A

The basal metabolic rate is the homeostasis for ones own caloric need for daily activity determined by ones own metabolic set point.

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8
Q

What is the relationship between a kilocalorie and a calorie?

A

A kilocalorie is the measurable unit of a calorie which represents a unit of heat (energy) released from food.

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9
Q

What is the thermogenic effect?

A

The heat liberated from a particular food is a measure not only of it energy but also as its tendency to be burned as heat.

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10
Q

What is the respiratory quotient?

A

A method of determining the “fuel mix” being used giving us a way to measure the relative amounts of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins being burned for energy

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11
Q

What is ATP?

A

The molecule that stores energy in a form that can be used for muscle contractions.

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12
Q

What is the ATP/CP pathway?

A

ATP and CP provide anaerobic sources of phosphate-bond energy, the energy liberated from hydrolysis of CP re-bonds with ADP and Pi forming ATP.

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13
Q

What is the glycolytic pathway?

A

Glucose is broken down to produce energy anaerobically.

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14
Q

What is the oxidative pathway?

A

Oxygen combines with lactic acid resynthesizing glycogen to produce energy aerobically.

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15
Q

List the levels of organization in the human body.

A 
Chemical: atoms and molecules
Cellular: organelle and cells
Tissue
Organ
Body system
Organism
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16
Q

What are the cellular components that make up a cell?

A 
Plasma membrane
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
17
Q

What are the four types of tissues in the body?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

18
Q

What are the systems that make up the body?

A 
Integumentary
Skeletal
Muscular
Nervous
Endocrine
Circulatory
Respiratory
Digestive
Urinary
Reproductive
19
Q

What is the respiratory system and it’s role?

A

Consists of lungs and air passageways, supplies oxygen to the body and remove carbon dioxide.

20
Q

Explain the circulatory system and it’s role.

A

Consists of the cardiovascular system and lymphatic system and serves as the transportation system of the body.

21
Q

What are the components of blood?

A

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

22
Q

What is the role of the heart in training?

A

Takes oxygen laden blood from the lungs and distributes it to the body while also removing carbon dioxide from the blood.

23
Q

Explain the digestive system and it’s role.

A

Consists of digestive tract and glands that secrete juices into the digestive tract. Responsible for the breakdown of food and waste elimination.

24
Q

What is the nervous system and it’s two major parts?

A

Comprised of the brain, spinal cord, sense organs, and nerves. Regulates all other systems.
Central nervous system: the brain and spinal cord. Receives messages and after interpreting sends instructions to the body.
Peripheral nervous system: relays messages from the CNS to the body and to the CNS from the body.

25
Q

Explain the relationship between the endocrine system and nervous system.

A

The two systems work together in regulating metabolic activities.

26
Q

Explain the role of hormones in the body.

A

They regulate growth and development, help us cope with both physical and mental stress, they regulate all forms of training responses including protein metabolism, fat mobilization, and energy production.

27
Q

How long does it take to replenish ATP? CP?

A

3.5 minutes. 8 minutes.

28
Q

What six elements comprise 98% of the human body?

A

Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, and phosphorous.

29
Q

What six systems are pertinent to health, physical fitness, and personal training?

A

Respiratory, circulatory, nervous, endocrine, skeletal, and muscular systems.

30
Q

The training effect does what three things for blood vessels?

A
  1. Enlarges them making them more pliable to pressure.
  2. Increases their number for saturation coverage.
  3. Helps keep their linings clear of corrosive materials.
31
Q

What does rennin do? Pepsin? Lipase?

A

Rennin works on milk protein preparing it for pepsin. Pepsin breaks done protein in the presence of hydrochloric acid. Lipase is the enzyme that breaks down fat molecules.

32
Q

What are proprioceptors?

A

Receptors found in joints, muscles, tendons, and the inner ear, are responsible for picking up messages such as body position and movement.

33
Q

What are exteroceptors?

A

Receptors found near the surface of the skin, which receive information from outside the body such as sight, touch, pressure, heat or cold.

34
Q

What are interoceptors?

A

Receptors found in the blood vessels and viscera, which report inner body sensations such as hunger, thirst, pain, pressure, fatigue or nausea.

35
Q

What three main things does the nervous system do for the human body?

A
  1. Senses changes inside and outside of the body.
  2. Interprets those changes.
  3. Responds to the interpretations by initiating action in the form of muscular contractions or glandular secretions.
36
Q

What three ways will hormones act?

A
  1. Alter the rate of synthesis of your cellular protein.
  2. Change the rate of enzyme activity.
  3. Change the rate of transport of nutrients through the cell wall.
37
Q

Explain the role of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH).

A

GHRH stimulates HGH release from the anterior pituitary, while hypothalamic somatostatin inhabits it.

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