Section 1

Question 0

Hypertrophy

Answer 0

Increase in cell size

• exercise
• hormones (pregnancy)

Question 1

Atrophy

Answer 1

Decrease in the size of cells

• disuse
• ischemia
• nerve damage
• Poor nutrition
• aging

Question 2

Adenoid hypertrophy

Answer 2

• Is the enlargement of the Adenoid tissue in the back of the nasal area; it can result in obstruction, snoring, bad breath (halitosis), and stuffy nose.
• Often removed and children

Question 3

Hyperplasia

Answer 3

Increase in the number of cells

• hormonal
• increase red blood cells at high altitude

Question 4

Metaplasia

Answer 4

Changing of one cell type to another

• cells adapt to a persistent stressor
• smoking causes columnar bronchial cells to turn into squamous cells if one stop smoking the cells can turn back to normal most times

Question 5

Dysplasia

Answer 5

Changes in cell size shape uniformity arrangement and structure

• precursor to cancer
• when cell reproduction occurs the DNA is reproduced with mutations, mutations are changes the material that make up the chromosomes
• cervical dysplasia is often a precursor to cancer in women

Question 6

Apoptosis

Answer 6

Cellular suicide; programmed to replace old cells with new cell

Question 7

Necrosis

Answer 7

Disorderly process of cell death associated with inflammation, results from cell injury

Question 8

Coagulation necrosis

Answer 8

Usually caused by hypoxia

• may be seen after chemical injury
• tissues change from transparent state to firm, opaque a state

Ex myocardial infarction may result in coagulation necrosis

Question 9

Liquefactive necrosis

Answer 9

Most often occurs in the brain where cells are digested by their own hydrolases so the tissues become soft, liquefies, and is walled off from healthy tissue

• tissue become liquid