Section 1

Question 1

Direct measures of Microbes

Answer 1

1- Direct microscopic analysis
2- Microbal culture, physiology and morphology
3- Antigen analysis (Serology)
4- Genetic analysis (PCR) (Operator Error)

Question 2

Indirect measure of microbes

Answer 2

1- Appearance of antibodies against microbe

ELISA test for HIV

Question 3

Infectious microbal agents (3 groups)

Answer 3

1- Normal Flora
2- Opportunists
3- Overt (frank) Pathogens

Question 4

Normal flora

Answer 4

1- Typically do not cause pathology
2- Part of Innate system
3- out completes pathogens from colonizing
4- May cause pathology if conditions are right
5- Viruses are not considered part of the flora

Question 5

Opportunists

Answer 5

1- Cause pathology under certain conditions
2- Come from two phases
1- Normal Flora
2- Microbes from the environment

Question 6

Pathogens

Answer 6

generally cause pathology

Question 7

Diagnostic Microbiology

Answer 7

1- Direct Visualization

2- In Vitro Culture

Question 8

Direct Visualization

Answer 8

1- Gram Stain
2- Acid-Fast Stain
3- India Ink
4- KOH prep
5- FITC Serology
6- PCR

Question 9

Acid-Fast

Answer 9

TB

Question 10

India Ink

Answer 10

Capsule

Question 11

KOH Prep

Answer 11

Fungi

Question 12

In Vitro

Answer 12

1- Enriched Media
2- Selective Media
3- Growth Conditions can be controlled
    1- Aerobic/Anaerobic
    2- Food etc.

Question 13

Identification

Answer 13

1- Microscopic Visualtization (Gram Stain)
2- Enzyme Test (Catalase, Oxidase)
3- Physiology (Metabolic Pathways)
4- Anti body detection (slide agglutination, ELISA, FITC)
5- DNA/RNA Characterization (Hybridization, PCR)
6- Antibiotic Susceptibility