Section 1

Question 1

Static Electricity

definition and example(s)

Answer 1

electricity that is stationary (doesn’t move)

lightning, rubbing balloon on hair

Question 2

current electricity

definition and example(s)

Answer 2

electricity that flows continuously

circuits, electrical appliances (toaster, charger, etc)

Question 3

current vs static electricity

what are some differences?

Answer 3

static is unpredicatble, can’t be controlled, doesn’t flow continuously
current is a steady flow of charges, can be controlled, flows continuously

Question 4

LAW OF ATTRACTION

what does it state?

how does a neg. charge react to neg, pos. neut. charges?

Answer 4

opposite charges attract
like charges repel

positive: attracts
negative: repells
neutral: attracts

Question 5

what is friction? what does it do?

Answer 5

friction causes electrons to transfer from one object to another.

rubbong balloon on hair- electrons are transferred from hair to the balloon
balloon is negatively charged, hair is positively charged - why hair is attracted to balloon

Question 6

CHARGE SEPARATION

Answer 6

occurs when a charged object is brought close to a neutral one

charges in neutral object similar to charged object will be repelled while opposite charges will be attracted

negative object and neutral object - negative charges in the neutral object will be repelled, positive charges will be attracted to the negative object

Question 7

ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE

Answer 7

occurs when electrons are transferred from one object to another

ex. lightning, the shock felt when you touch another object

A sudden flow of electrons from one charged object to another is called static discharge

Question 8

ELECTRICAL CURRENT:

Answer 8

steady flow of charged particles

Question 9

circuit

Answer 9

the path that controls the flow of electricity.

the path the electricity flows through is usually made of solid metal wires. This is because metals are conductors - they easily conduct, or transmit, the electricity.

Question 10

Circuits include 3 things:

what are they?

Answer 10

conductor (in this case, the wire)
an energy source (the battery)
a LOAD (lightbulb).

load: a device to convert electrical energy to another form of energy.

Question 11

AMPERES

Answer 11

how fast the electric current flows

A (amps)

microwaves usually use between 5-8 A

Question 12

VOLTAGE

Answer 12

how much electrical energy each charged particle carries

V (volts)

flashlights usually use 6 V

Question 13

electrical safety

how is lightning dangerous?

Answer 13

caused from huge buildup of static electricity
super negatively charged-attracted to anything thats NOT super neg. charged
(basically everything)
lighting hits hatever is closest- tallest objects and buildings are the closest ones to the lightning (stay away!!)

Question 14

short circuit

Answer 14

when the current bypasses part of the normal circuit

electricty loves shortcuts - if there is one it will take it

if a power line is down, the circuit is uncomplete- if u touch it you are providing the circuit with an alternate pathway into the ground, and it’s going to take that path!
Electricity wants to be grounded as soon as possible!

Question 15

what happens when you get shocked?

Answer 15

causes loss of muscle control (being unable to move your hands to let go of the wire)
burns,
harmful to the heart (too much electricty makes it go crazy and stop)

Question 16

3 prong plugs

Answer 16

third prong is an extra wire that connects the device to the ground wire of the building
provides another pathway for electricity, just in case there is a short circuit in the device.

Question 17

fuse

Answer 17

contain a thin piece of metal that is specially designed to melt if too much current passes through it.

one time use

Question 18

circuit breaker

Answer 18

has a special wire that heats up if there is too much current
triggers a spring mechanism that turns off the switch inside the circuit breaker

can be turned on again once wire is cooled

Question 19

electrochemical cell

Answer 19

package of chemicals designed to produce small amounts of electricity

energy in a battery is STORED CHEMICAL ENERGY.
energy is converted to ELECTRICAL ENERGY which flows through whatever is connected to the battery.

Question 20

two main types of cells:

Answer 20

wet cell: chemicals are in a liquid
dry cell: chemicals are in a paste

Question 21

ELECTROLYTES

Answer 21

paste or liquid that conducts electricity because it contains chemicals that form ions

( ionic compound conduct electricity when dissolved in water. )

an ionic compound dissolved in water or some other liquid/paste
Cells use two different metals (called ELECTRODES) in an electrolyte solution.

Question 22

wet cells

Answer 22

use a liquid electrolyte.

They are cheaper and easier to make, but you have to be careful not to spill the liquid!

uses 2 electrodes (different metals)

Question 23

dry cells

Answer 23

works the exact same was as a wet cell, but instead of using liquid electrolytes, they use a paste instead.

sealed and can be used in any position without the chemicals leaking out.

uses 2 electrodes (different metals)

Question 24

anode vs cathode

Answer 24

anode: releases elctrons to the external circuit
cathode: acquires electrons from the external circuit

Question 25

primary vs secondary cells

Answer 25

primary: cannot be recharged
secondary: can be recharged

Question 26

ELECTROCHEMISTRY

Answer 26

study of chemical reactions involving electricity

chemical reactions to get elctricity is useful
electricty to get chemical reactions also useful

Question 27

ELECTROLYSIS

Answer 27

splitting a compound into its elements (decomposition) using electricity.

useful cuz hydrogen is a good fuel source but is often found with another chemical (need to separate to use)
metals r also found with other things (gold ore isn’t pure gold - need to separate it)

ELECTROPLATING: using electricity to plate one metal in a coat of another.
plated gold necklaces – process uses elctroplating