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AREC 200 > Section 1 > Flashcards

Section 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Positionality

A

your social and political status that defines your identity

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2
Q

Indigenous people in Canada (2)

A
  • First inhabitants of canada
  • Specific rights based on their historical ties to particular territory, their cultural/historical distinctiveness from other populations
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3
Q

3 universal stages of human evolution

Unilineal evolution

A

Savagery (hunting, gathering)
Barbarism (agriculture, pastoralism)
Civilization (ag tech, merchants)

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4
Q

Flawed social theory

Shifting Cultivation

A

“slash and burn”
considered primitive

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5
Q

European attitudes towards plow technology

A

digging sticks primitive
sustainable

plow vs. digging sticks

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6
Q

Eurocentric bias

Doctrine of Discovery

A

Christianity
develop ‘vacant’ land

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7
Q

political motivation

Terra Nullius

A

territory without master

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8
Q

False Narrative

A

false stories
once in head hard to change

Terra Nullius

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9
Q

When did Peopling of North America happen

When

A

15000 yrs ago

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10
Q

Peopling of North America

How

A

Bering land bridge

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11
Q

Peopling of North America

What were the two routes?

A
  • coastal route
  • ice-free corridor
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12
Q

Peopling of North America

How did it influence the BC coast?

A

cultural diversity and complexity

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13
Q

Human ecology

A

interaction between nature and humans through human’s exploitation of natural resources

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14
Q

Subsistence

A

non-monetary exploitation of environmental resources through harvesting activities (hunting, gathering, fishing)

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15
Q

Adaptation

A

exploiting natural resources of the given environment

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16
Q

Stereotype of the Northern Plains subsistence

A

they only hunt bison

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17
Q

Subsistence and Adaptation

Mixed economics

A

People of coasts not only fish but hunt and agriculture

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18
Q

Attractors

A

learn

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19
Q

Repellors

A

maladaptive behaviour

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20
Q

TEK: Traditional Ecological Knowledge

A

cumulative and dynamic
passed through generations

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21
Q

Domesticated landscapes (continuum of influence)

A

subtle manipulation (harvesting barks)
agronomic knowledge (Three sisters)
extensive/intensive management (using fire)

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22
Q

Punctuated subsistence change

A

period of time that needs adaptation

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23
Q

Paleoethnobotany

A

old / culture / plant

24
Q

City of Cahokia

A

mecca of agriculture
1000 years ago
first city in Mexico
community-wide feasting
change of subsistence to maize
isotopic significance
turtle island move to cahokia
mound 51: persimmon mound

25
Q

Culture area concept

A

antiquarianism
anthropology

26
Q

Antiquarianism

A

study of history through collection of objects

27
Q

Anthropology

A

study of humans

BIology
Sociocultural
LInguistics
Archaeology

28
Q

Archaeology

A

study of humans through material culture

29
Q

Clark Wisler (1900s)

A

museum collection, by traits
plain woodlands

30
Q

Plains (3)

A

well stratified
point sequence (discrete layers of soil)
hunter-gatherer subsistence

31
Q

Boreal (3)

A

poor point sequence
not enough research done
forager

32
Q

Hunter

A

General Laws of Society (1960s)
Ethnoarchaeology

33
Q

Gatherer

A

Past Processual Archaeology (1980s)

34
Q

Plain woodlands (3)

A

Missouri: bison, pottery
Eastern Dakora: mixed economics, bell shape, bison scapula hoe
Lockport site, red river: dam, trade

35
Q

Plant cultivation (3)

A

long period of time
direct observation
seed keeper

36
Q

Three sisters complex

A

beans: nitrogen fixation
squash: no pests
maize: allow bean to grow
+sunflower: no pests/birds

37
Q

Benefits of Mound (4)

A

more sunlight
drainage (no frost)
less weed
large amount of crops

38
Q

preparation and storage

A

underground storage
understand weather (heat flat stone)

39
Q

Plant Cultivation

Tenure system

A

permanent agriculture (20-25 yrs)
privatised farm areas (against Terra Nullius)

40
Q

Labour

A

women or slaves

41
Q

Wild rice

A

manomin
good seed
3 month
seasonal
TEK (elders)

42
Q

Similarities between WIld Rice and Three SIsters

A

usufruct rights
TEK

43
Q

Process of Wild Rice

A

Binding
Knocking (sustainable)
Drying
Parching (stir in iron pot)
Hulling (remove shells)
Winnowing (remove sheath by wind)
S

44
Q

Similarities between WIld Rice and Acorns

A

opportunistic
not intensive management

45
Q

CRK: Cutural Resource Keystones (7)

A

intensity
naming
region do not matter
persistent throughout punctuated change
narratives, symbolism
no substitutes
cultural identity

46
Q

Indigenous Resource Management

A

paradigm deeply engaged in shaping and sustainably managing plants

47
Q

Degrees of Management (3)

A

control and domination
concentric base
deep management

48
Q

Deep Management

A

Nancy turner
range of caretaking ~ intensive
through oral story

49
Q

Characteristics of Plant management in BC

A

create complexity in diversity
organized, systematic, sustainable

50
Q

Examples of Plant Management in BC (5)

A

Estuarine Salish Root gardens
Salt Marsh Cross section
Forest gardens
Red and Yellow cedar
Pyrotechnology

51
Q

Estuarine Salish Root gardens

A

wapato
subtle management

52
Q

Salt Marsh Cross sections

A

wetland
Edible Rhizomes
subtle management

53
Q

Forest gardens

A

intensive management

54
Q

Yellow cedar

A

scarring = culturally modified trees
subtle management

55
Q

Pyrotechnology

A

low intensity
small scale
only top layer
depend on season (predictability)

AREC 200 (2 decks)

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