Section 1 Flashcards
ABA
Scientific approach for discovering environmental variables that reliably influence socially significant behavior and for developing a technology of behavior change that is practical and applicable
Science: definition and purpose
Definition: a systematic approach for seeking and organizing knowledge about the natural world. Based on determinism
Purpose: to achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study
3 levels of scientific understanding
Description: Systematic observations that can be quantified and classified
Prediction: Two events may regularly occur at the same time
Control: Functional relation
6 attitude of science/philosophical assumption of behavior
determinism empiricism experimentation replication parsimony philosophical doubt
Determinism
- cause and effect
- lawfulness
- world is orderly and predictable
Empiricism
- FACTS
- Experimental, data-based scientific approach
Experimental
- the basic strategy of must sciences
- requires manipulating variables so as to see the effects on the DV.
Replication
- Repeating experiments
- Used to determine the reliability and usefulness of their findings
Parsimony
- the simplest theory
- all simple and logical explanations must be ruled out before considering more complex explanations
Philosophical doubt
having healthy skepticism and a critical eye about the results of studies and your work with clients
7 dimensions of aba
- Behavioral
- applied
- technological
- conceptually systematic
- analytical
- generality
- effective
behavioral
- observable events
- the behavior one chooses must be the behavior in need of improvement
applied
- ABA improves everyday life of clients
- improves socially significant behaviors
technological
defines procedures clearly and in detail so they are REPLICABLE
Conceptually systematic
all procedures used should be tied to the basic principle of behavior analysis from which they were derived
analytic
a functional relationship is demonstrated
generality
extends behavior change across time, settings, or others behaviors
effective
improves behavior in a practical manner, not simply making a change that is statistically significant
mentalism: hypothetical constructs, explanatory fictions, circular reasoning
mentalism: an approach to explaining behavior that assumes an inner dimension exists and causes behavior
beaviorism
the philosophy of the science of behavior
4 branches of behavior analysis
- conceptual analysis of behavior
- ABA
- Behavior service delivery
- experimental analysis of behavior
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
classical conditioning
respondent conditioning with dogs
John Broadus Watson
Methodological behaviorism
- looks at publicly observable events
Burrhus Frederic Skinner
Radical Behaviorism
-includes private events
Darwinian Selectionism & Pragmatism
darwinian selectionism: discusses 3-term contingency
pragmatism: a probabilistic AB -because-of- C philosophy
Respondent behavior/ Respondent Conditioning
- elicited: “brought out”
- involuntary
- behaviors someone doesn’t have to learn
Reflex
The eliciting stimulus (US) and the behavior it produces (UR) that is part of an organisms genetic endowment
Habituation
when the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short time, the strength of the respondent behavior diminishes
Phylogeny
behavior that is inherited genetically
operant behavior/ operant contingency
- emit/evoke
- any behavior whose probability of occurrence is determined by its history of consequences
- voluntary action
Adaptation
Reductions in responding evoke by an antecedent stimulus over repeated or prolonged presentations
Ontogeny
learning that results from an organisms interaction with his/her environment
Contiguity
when 2 stimuli occur close together in time, resulting in an association of those 2 stimuli
Respondent-operant interactions
an experience can often include both respondent and operant conditioning occurring together simultaneously
What is not behavior
- dead man test: if a dead man can do it, it’s NOT a behavior. If a dead man can’t do it, then it is behavior
3 principles of behavior
punishment
extinction
reinforcement
