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BCBA Exam > BCBA workbook - TASK List B > Flashcards

BCBA workbook - TASK List B Flashcards

1
Q

motivating operations

A

Environmental variables that alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.

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2
Q

establishing operations

A

Increases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement.

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3
Q

abolishing operations

A

Decreases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement.

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4
Q

rule-governed behavior

A

Behavior that is the result of known rules.

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5
Q

contingency-shaped behavior

A

Learned behavior based on the reinforcement or punishment that the individual is exposed to by their actions.

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6
Q

extinction

A

The omission of previously delivered unconditioned stimuli or reinforcers.

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7
Q

stimulus control

A

When a behavior is emitted more often in the presence of an antecedent than in its absence because of its history of reinforcement, punishment or extinction.

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8
Q

discrimination

A

eaching a client how to tell the difference between two or more stimuli.

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9
Q

generalization

A

Teaching learned targets in the natural environment.

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10
Q

maintenance

A

Including a mastered item or skill into programs in an effort to maintain previously learned items or skills.

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11
Q

respondent conditioning

A

Occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus. Also known as Pavlovian Conditioning or classic conditioning.

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12
Q

operant conditioning

A

The process of learning through reinforcement and punishment.

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13
Q

postive reinforcement

A

The introduction of a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior. The desirable stimulus reinforces the behavior, making it more likely that the behavior will reoccur.

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14
Q

negative reinforcement

A

The removal of an aversive stimulus in an effort to increase the likelihood of a targeted behavior in the future.

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15
Q

continuous reinforcement

A

The desired behavior is reinforced every single time it occurs.

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16
Q

partial reinforcement

A

A desired behavior is reinforced on a predetermined schedule, not every single time it occurs.

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17
Q

behavior

A

Any activity of an organism, any movement by the organism.

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18
Q

response

A

A specific instance (one occurrence) of a behavior.

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19
Q

response class

A

A group of topographically different responses (e.g., they look different) that generate the same consequence (e.g., they serve the same function).

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20
Q

stimulus

A

Anything that a person can experience through their senses, anything that can be seen, heard, smelled, felt, or tasted.

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21
Q

stimulus class

A

A group of antecedent stimuli that have a common effect on an operant class. Tend to evoke or abate the same behavior or response class.

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22
Q

fixed ratio

A

reinforce every nth response.

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23
Q

variable ratio

A

reinforce roughly every nth response

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24
Q

fixed interval

A

reinforce after n amount of time.

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25
Q

variable interval

A

reinforce roughly after n amount of time.

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26
Q

reflexivity

A

A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relation in which the learner, without any prior training or reinforcement for doing so, selects a comparison stimulus that is the same as the sample stimulus (e.g., A=A).

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27
Q

symmetry

A

A type of stimulus-to-stimulus relationship in which the learner, without prior training or reinforcement for doing so, demonstrates the reversibility of matched sample and comparison stimuli (e.g., if A = B, then B = A).

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28
Q

transitivity

A

A derived (i.e., untrained) stimulus-stimulus relation (e.g., A = C, C = A) that emerges as a product of training two other stimulus-stimulus relations (e.g., A = B, B = C).

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29
Q

While out on a walk, Rebecca saw a dog, pointed at the dog, and said “Dog!” This is an example of the ________________ verbal operant.

A

tact

30
Q

______________________________________ is also known as Pavlovian conditioning and occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

A

respondent conditioning

31
Q

______________________________________ is a naturally occurring reinforcement, such as food, sleep, or warmth.

A

unconditioned reinforcement

32
Q

Anything that a person can experience through their senses, anything that can be seen, heard, smelled, felt, or tasted is a(n) ____.

A

stimulus

33
Q

When learned behaviors are not reinforced like they once were, you are creating a(n) ______, which will result in the behavior gradually disappearing.

A

extinction

34
Q

Giving a child a piece of popcorn after 2 claps, then another piece after 5 claps, and then another piece after 3 claps is known as a(n) ______________________________ schedule.

A

variable ratio

35
Q

Environmental variables that alter the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer are called ______.

A

motivating operations

36
Q

In a successful ____relationship, a learner is taught when presented with a picture of grapes (sample stimulus A) to select the written word grapes (sample stimulus B). When presented with the written word grapes (sample stimulus B), without additional training or reinforcement, the learner selects the picture of grapes (sample stimulus A).

A

symmetry

37
Q

Marcia’s personal trainer gives her a form of verbal praise exactly every 30 seconds as she is running. This is known as a(n) ______schedule.

A

fixed intervals

38
Q

Luka sees his mom starting to make breakfast and he says, “Can I have oatmeal?” This is an example of the ________________ verbal operant.

A

mand

39
Q

Any activity of an organism, or any movement by the organism is considered a(n) ____.

A

behavior

40
Q

When teaching ___, you are essentially training a learner to tell the difference between two or more different items.

A

discrimination

41
Q

________ is a previously neutral stimuli that has become a reinforcer through association with an established reinforcer, such as the physical tokens on a token board that, when earned for a specific behavior, earns a child a treat.

A

conditioned reinforcement

42
Q

You tell your child that he/she can stay up one extra hour late at night if he/she finishes his/her chores. Your child being able to stay up one extra hour late is contingent on chore completion. This is called _____

A

operant conditioning

43
Q

n a successful _____ relationship, you could say “bird” and show a child a picture of a bird, then show a picture of a bird and match it to a real bird in a cage. In this example, the relationship of saying bird for the caged animal is acquired.

A

transitivity

44
Q

A stimulus which has acquired reinforcing properties through repeated pairings, like money or affection, is called a(n) _____

A

generalized reinforcers

45
Q

An environmental manipulation that increases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement is called a(n) ____

A

establishing operations

46
Q

Chuckie’s therapist gives the command ”Say red,” and Chuckie responds by saying “Red.” This is known as the ____verbal operant.

A

echoic

47
Q

Introducing a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior in an attempt to increase the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future is called ___

A

positive reinforcement

48
Q

Reinforcing a behavior after 1 minute, then 3 minutes, and then 2 minutes is known as a(n) ______________________________ schedule.

A

variable interval

49
Q

An inherent and naturally punishing stimulus, such as pain, is called a(n) _____

A

unconditioned punisher

50
Q

Introducing an aversive stimulus after a behavior in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future is called _____

A

positive punishment

51
Q

A specific instance of a behavior is called a(n) _______________________________. An example would be a child doing their homework; each problem they complete would be considered a(n) _____

A

response

52
Q

Teaching a child the word ‘bird’ with different pictures of various types of birds would aid in the ____of the word.

A

generalization

53
Q

Removal of an aversive stimulus after a behavior in an attempt to increase the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future is called _____.

A

negative reinforcement

54
Q

In gym class, Trevor follows his teacher’s lead and stomps his feet when she models the action and tells him to do what she does. This teacher is using ____to teach this behavior.

A

motor imitation

55
Q

Max’s mom asks him what his favorite color is, and he says, “My favorite color is green.” This conversational response is known as the _____ verbal operant.

A

intraverbal

56
Q

Learned behavior based on the reinforcement or punishment that the individual is exposed to by their actions, such as earning a paycheck for showing up to work, is a ____

A

contingency shaped behavior

57
Q

Removal of a pleasant or desirable stimulus after a behavior in an attempt to decrease the likelihood of that behavior happening again in the future is called ___

A

negative punishment

58
Q

An environmental manipulation that decreases the current effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as reinforcement is called a(n) ___

A

abolishing operations

59
Q

The behavior of squinting one’s eyes can be caused by bright sunlight, turning on a light in the middle of the night, or strong wind. These stimuli, as a group, have a common effect on an operant class (the eyes) and are therefore known as a(n) ___

A

stimulus class

60
Q

Including random rotation of previously mastered skills into discrete trials can help with skill repertoire ___

A

maintenance

61
Q

When reinforcement is not given after every response, but instead follows some variation of a schedule, it is known as _____

A

partial reinforcement

62
Q

Sullan’s dad says, “Give me a high five!” and Sullan gives him a high five. This is known as the ____verbal operant, or following directions.

A

listener responding

63
Q

A _____ is a previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher due to pairing with one or more other punishers.

A

conditioned punisher

64
Q

A group of different responses (meaning they look different) that result in the same consequence (they serve the same function) are called a(n) _____

A

response class

65
Q

Any reinforcement or punishment that is delivered in whole or in part by another person is considered a(n) ___

A

generalized punisher

66
Q

Darius’ therapist hands him a picture of a brown dog and says, “Match.” Darius then matches the picture to another picture of a brown dog. This is called ___

A

VPMTS

67
Q

When reinforcing Dylan for writing his spelling words, his aide gives him an M+M after exactly every 5th word written. This is known as a(n) __ schedule

A

fixed ratio

68
Q

The reason that Pam doesn’t shout out in the middle of class is because she knows that her teacher does not allow it. Pam staying quiet during class is a(n) ___

A

rule governed behavior

69
Q

Shouting out “No!” or “Don’t do that!” is considered a(n) ____ because it is a stimulus that is not naturally punishing, but due to its association with punishing stimuli, it now has a punishing effect.

A

generalized punisher

70
Q

Any reinforcement or punishment (consequence) that is produced directly by a response independent of the actions of another person is considered a(n) ___

A

automatic contingency

BCBA Exam (7 decks)

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