Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Obstetrics/Gynecology > Secrets - Obstetrics > Flashcards

Secrets - Obstetrics Flashcards

1
Q

Hegar sign?

A

Sign of pregnancy: Softening and compressibility of the lower uterine segment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Chadwick sign?

A

Sign of pregnancy: Dark discoloration of the vulva and vaginal walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Melasma (Chloasma)?

A

Sign of Pregnancy: Hyperpigmentation of facial skin 2/2 hormonal changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ballottement of fetus?

A

Sign of Pregnancy: Examiner uses finger to tap against the uterus, through the vagina, to cause the fetus to bounce within the amniotic fluid and feel it rebound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When to screen for gestational diabetes in patient w/o risk factors (obese, + FHx, >30yo)?

A

24-28 weeks gestational age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When to screen for Group B- beta hemolytic streptococcus?

A

Screen at 35-37 wks w/ a swab of lower vagina and rectum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At 12 wks GA, where can the uterus be palpated?

A

Pubic symphysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At ~20 wks GA, where can the uterus be palpated?

A

Umbilicus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When is u/s most accurate at estimating fetal age?

A

At 16-20wks (2nd trimester anatomy screen), the bi-parietal diameter gives the most accurate estimate of fetal age.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Fetal Biometry consists of: ______, which are used to calculate EFW and EDD (+/- 7 days).

A
  • Head circumference
  • Biparietal diameter
  • Abdominal circumference
  • Femur length
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antenatal soft u/s markers (fetal sonographic findings that are generally not abnormalities but at indicative of an increased age adjusted risk of an underlying fetal aneuploidic or some non-chromosomal abnormalities).

A
  • Increased nuchal thickness >6mm
  • Fetal ventriculomegaly >10mm
  • Hypoplastic nasal bone
  • Echogenic intracardiac focus (EIF)
  • Choroid plexus cysts
  • Echogenic bowel
  • Shortened fetal long bones (femur or humerus)
  • Aberrant right subclavian artery
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

If after D&C, serial hCG levels do not fall to zero or rises…

A

Patient has either invasive mole or choriocarcinoma requiring chemo w/ methotrexate or dactinomycin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Normal fetal strip during a non-stress test.

A

Normal FHR 110-160, 2 accelerations of HR each at least 15 bpm above baseline and lasting at least 15 seconds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Biophysical profile includes:

A

1) Non-stress test
2) MSK Tone
3) General Fetal movements
4) Fetal breathing movements
5) Amniotic Fluid Index (4 quadrants) to r/o Oligo vs Poly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contraction Stress test?

A

Low score on the Biophysical profile is an indication. Allows assessment of utero-placental dysfunction. Oxytocin given (stimulates uterine contractions) and fetal heart strip is monitored. If Late Decelerations are seen, then POSITIVE for uteroplacental insufficiency, so must to C-section.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ASA should be avoided during pregnancy except in patients w/ ?

A

Antiphospholipid syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

First trimester

A

week 1 - week 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Second trimester

A

week 13 - week 27

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Third trimester

A

week 28 - week 40

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Premature delivery

A

Delivery before week 37

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Fetal viability

A

24 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Postterm pregnancy

A

greater than 42 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What 2 rare disorders are associated with prolonged gestation?

A

1) Anencephaly
2) Placental sulfatase deficiency ( key enzyme of estrogen biosynthesis in placenta; benign; r/o fetal adrenal hypoplasia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Montgomery tubercles

A

Sebaceous glands in the areola

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Marker used to screen for neural tube defects?
Materal AFP
26
When is maternal AFP measured?
B/n 15-20 weeks of gestation.
27
Low mAFP
- Down syndrome - Fetal demise - Inaccurate dates
28
High mAFP
- Neural tube defects (e.g. anencephaly, spina bifida) - Ventral wall defects (e.g. omphalocele, gastroschisis) - Multiple gestation - Inaccurate dates
29
If mAFP high ...
1) U/S to confirm gestational age, # fetuses, fetal viability, r/o NTD vs. other anomaly, 2) AFP level and Acetylcholinesterase in Amniotic fluids [if elevated and present then positive test] 3) Amniocentesis
30
Presence of acetyl cholinesterase in AF
Consistent with open NTD over ventral wall defects
31
First trimester combined test
* Performed b/n 11-13wks * Components: - Nuchal translucency by u/s - serum PAPP-A - serum hCG
32
Integrated tests
Includes: - First trimester combined test - AFP - Unconjugated estradoil (uE3) - Inhibin A @ 15-18weks Results not available 'til 2nd trimester
33
Contingent testing
1) Invasive prenatal testing, offered to women at very high risk of Down after 1st trimester testing 2) No additional testing, offered to women at very low risk are provided with their risk estimate for Down 3) 2nd trimester testing, offered to women with intermediate risk for Down
34
Quadruple test
Performed at 15-18wks (2nd trimester) - AFP - uE3 - hCG - Inhibin A
35
Maternal plasma-based tests
Includes: -NIPS [Non-invasive prenatal screening] Basically, cell-free fetal DNA testing, that basically detects fetal DNA in maternal circulation, Detection rate 98% and FP rate
36
If first trimester testing is positive, offer..
Chronic villus sampling [CVS] for fetal karyotype determination
37
If positive screening test for Down syndrome in 2nd trimester, offer..
Amniocentesis for fetal karyotype determination
38
Amniocentesis vs CVS: which is done earlier?
CVS done at 9-12wks
39
Amniocentesis vs CVS: which carries greater miscarriage rate?
CVS
40
Teratogen: Thalidomide...effect
Phocomelia [absence of long bones and flipper-like appearance of hands]
41
Teratogen: Tetracyclines
Yellow or brown teeth
42
Teratogen: Aminoglycosides
Deafness
43
Teratogen: Valproic acid
Spina bifida, hypospadias
44
Teratogen: Progesterone
Masculinization of female fetus
45
Teratogen: Cigarettes
IUGR, low birth weight, prematurity
46
Teratogen: OCPs
VACTERL syndrome
47
Teratogen: Lithium
Cardiac (Ebstein) anomalies
48
Teratogen: Radiation
IUGR, CNS defects, eye defects, malignancy (leukemia)
49
Teratogen: Alcohol
Fetal alcohol syndrome
50
Teratogen: Phenytoin
Cranio-facial, limb and cerebrovascular effects; MR
51
Teratogen: Warfarin
Cranio-facial defects, IUGR, CNS malformation, stillbirth
52
Teratogen: Carbamazepine
Fingernail hypoplasia, cranio-facial defects
53
Teratogen: Isotretinion
CNS, cranio-facial, ear and cardiovascular defects
54
Teratogen: Iodine
Goiter, neonatal hypothyroidism
55
Teratogen: Cocaine
Cerebral infarcts, MR
56
Teratogen: Diazepam
Cleft lip and/or palate
57
Teratogen: Diethylstilbesterol
Clear cell vaginal cancer, adenosis [enlarged breast lobes with greater # of glands], cervical incompetence
58
Common teratogenic effects of maternal diabetes
``` Cardiovascular malformations Cleft lip and/or palate Caudal regression (lower half of the body is incompletely formed) NTD Macrosomia ```
59
What does TORCHHES stand for?
``` TOxoplasmosis Rubella CMV HIV HErpes simplex virus 3 Syphilis ```
60
Congenital Toxoplasmosis maternal vs. neonatal manifestations.
Maternal: - exposure to cats - asymptomatic; lymphadenopathy rare ``` Neonatal: -Chorioretinitis -Hydrocephalus -Intracranial calcifications +/- Blueberry muffin rash ```
61
Congenital Rubella maternal vs. neonatal manifestations.
Maternal: - Rash - Lymphadenopathy - Arthritis ``` Neonatal: -PDA or pulmonary artery hypoplasia -Cataracts -Deafness +/- blueberry muffin rash ```
62
Congenital CMV maternal vs. neonatal manifestations.
Maternal: -Mononucleosis-like illness Neonatal: - Hearing loss - Seizures - Petechial rash, blueberry muffin rash - Periventricular calcifications
63
Congenital HIV maternal vs. neonatal manifestations.
Maternal: -Variable Neonatal: -Recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea
64
Congenital HSV2 maternal vs. neonatal manifestations.
Maternal: -Herpetic vesicular lesions Neonatal: - Encephalitis - Herpetic vesicular lesions
65
Congenital Syphilis maternal vs. neonatal manifestations.
Maternal: - Chancre (primary) - Disseminated rash (secondary) Neonatal: - Stillbirth, hydrops fetalis - Notched Hutchinson teeth, saddle nose, short maxilla - saber shins - rhinitis, interstitial keratitis - CN VIII deafness
66
HIV prophylaxis for neonate.
Zidovudine given for 6wks after birth; direct HIV DNA PCR test at birth (often positive) then again at 4-6wks of age, then 2 months after second test.
67
Edema of hands and face concerning for...
Preclampsia
68
Apt Test
Performed on vaginal blood to differentiate fetal from maternal blood during third trimester vaginal bleeding workup.
69
Kleihauer-Betke test
Quantifies the amount of fetal blood in the maternal circulation, used to calculate dose of RHOGAM give to Rh(D) negative moms AFTER delivery.
70
Examples of Tocolytic drugs.
- Beta2-agonists: Terbutaline, ritodrine - Magnesium sulfate - Indomethicin - Nifedipine (Ca2+ channel blocker)
71
What is fetal fibronectin?
ECM protein that helps attach the amniotic membranes to the uterine lining, and can be found in vaginal secretions of some women presenting with signs and symptoms of PRETERM labor.
72
Fetal hydrops is characterized by...
Edema, ascites, pleural and/or pericardial effusions
73
Methylergonovine
Uterotonic drug that causes smooth muscle constriction, uterine contraction and vasoconstriction; SE: Vasoconstriction causes HTN so do not give to pt w/ h/o HTN
74
Carboprost
Synthetic prostaglandin that stimulates uterine contraction; SE: Broncho-constriction, so don't give to pt w/ h/o asthma
75
T or F? Once pt is Group B Strep + early in the pregnancy, pt is considered persistently colonized?
TRUE, PCN should be administered during labor for these patients.

Obstetrics/Gynecology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions