Secondary Market Chapter 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Auction Market

A

Stocks that are listed are considered securities ( Stock Market )

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2
Q

Negotiated Market-

A

Unlisted stocks are considered OTC- Over the Counter stocks. People who distribute OTC are called Market Makers. A OTC market is called a Negotiated Market

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3
Q

NASDAQ Capital Market

A

Small Cap

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4
Q

NASDAQ Global Market NMS

A

Large Cap

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5
Q

Third Market

A

Listed Stocks traded in OTC market by market-makers

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6
Q

Fourth Market

A

Institutions trading directly with other institutions without a broker or an exchange.
Such as insurance companies with other insurance companies.

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7
Q

ECNs

A

Electronic Communication Networks

private execution systems-
Instinet -INET
B-Trade

ECNS are not exchanges, not market makers
DO NOT work from their own inventory

BASICALLY, SEARCHING for best price for a stock, less than a second
Fast computers systems – used for execution

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8
Q

NSCC

A

National Securities Clearing Corporation
Clears and settles trades

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9
Q

Mutual Funds DO NOT trade in the secondary market

A

issue only redeemable shares

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10
Q

Market Order

A

is an order to buy or sell a security at the best price available when the order reaches the marketplace.

Market orders entered at the opening on an exchange always have priority over limit orders.

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11
Q

Limit Order

A

is an order to buy or sell a security at a SPECIFIC PRICE or better. Limit orders can be identified as either:

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12
Q

Good for the day Orders (DAY)-

A

order expires on the day it is entered, unless executed.
If partially executed the remainder of the order will be canceled at the end of the day.

If changed, it will lose its position in the designated market makers book

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13
Q

Good till canceled(GTC)-

A

the order remains in effect until it is executed or canceled and is also called an open order.
-GTC orders are renewed twice a year in April and October
Some firms may allow GTC orders to be entered as good for the week or good for the month
Permitted round and odd lots
If properly renewed, it maintains its position in the Designated Market Maker’s Book

Good for the week/month orders must be canceled by the member firm, not the customer, Designated Market Maker or floor broker.

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14
Q

Stop Order

A

will protect a profit or limit losses on an existing position but cannot assure a specific price of execution.
Once executes turns into a Market order.

Long position- using a sell stop order
Short position- using a buy stop order

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Sell Limits and Buy Stops

A

SL/BS- always entered ABOVE the current market price.

SL/BS- remember the word SLIBS ( above market price)

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17
Q

Buy Limits and Sell Stops

A

BL/SS. -always entered BELOW the current market price.

BL/SS- remember the word BLISS( below market price)

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18
Q

Example Stock trading @ 50. Don’t want to pay more than 48 dollars a share or lower
You could put in a Buy Limit order @ 48. Once price hits price, order is executed.

A
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19
Q

Example Bought stock @ 48. Resistance level is 60. Want to sell before downturn so you could put in a SELL LIMITorder @60.

A
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20
Q

Purchased stock @ 40, price has risen to 50.
To protect your profit, you could enter a SELL STOP ORDER @49.

A

If the price declines to 49 or lower, your order would become a market order.

SELL STOP ORDER is used to protect a LONG POSITION OR PROFIT.

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21
Q

Example You sold stock short @30, the market price has gone to 20.
You could put in a BUY STOP @ 21 to protect your gain.

A

BUY STOP ORDER is used to protect a short stock position or profit.

If the market goes to 21 or higher, the order would become a market order, buying
to cover.

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22
Q

ADJUSTMENT ORDERS

A

If an adjustment is required for cash dividends or distributions: unless marked “ DO NOT REDUCE” Buy limit and Sell Stop open orders prices will be reduced by the full dollar amount of the dividend or distribution.

Open Orders( Buy/Sell) Subject of a reverse split, require that all open orders must be canceled.

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23
Q

Reducing Limit Orders

A

On the ex-date, the designated Market Maker, before the market opens, will automatically reduce all buy limit and sell stop orders(BL/SS) on the book by the full amount of the dividend because the market value of the stock will open “down “ by the full amount of the dividend.

Example: An order is entered at BUY 100 ABC @40

Amount of dividend order is reduced To
.50 39.50
.40. 39.60

24
Q

Buy 100 A @ 35 stop/limit 35.30- stop/limit have two different prices

A

34.92 / 34.98 / 35.10 / 35.20 / 35.30
X / X / Activate Stop / Execute order -

25
Q

Stop Limit Order

A

Combination of a stop order and a limit order
When a stop/limit order is entered, it is always a stop, then instead of becoming a market order, it becomes a limit order.

26
Q

Limit Order

A

is buying a stock at a specific price or lower.

27
Q

Fill or Kill order(FOK)-

A

must be executed at once in its entirety or it will be cancelled( not accepted on NYSE floor)

28
Q

Immediate Or Cancel( IOC)-

A

must be executed at once in its entirety or partially

29
Q

All or None- (AON)

A

This is an order which must be executed in its entirety but not immediately (not accepted on the NYSE floor).

30
Q

Broker

A

acts as an agent
Charges commission

31
Q

Dealer

A

acts in principal ( buys/sells from its own inventory)
Charges for mark ups and downs

32
Q

Interpositioning

A

charging a customer both a mark up and commission or excess commissions are a violation of FINRA rules and are illegal.

33
Q

Short Sale

A

a short sale is the sale of stock by a customer who has borrowed the stock from their broker dealer. A short seller generally expects the market price of the stock to decline.

  1. Short sales can only be done in a MARGIN ACCOUNT and are marked to market daily,
    (meaning adjusted for changes in the market value)
  2. Prior to executing a short sale in an equity security, the firm must confirm and document that is has the security available to be borrowed. By the investor before the sell short order is submitted for execution. That is called a “locate” under REG SHO.

3a. Stock can be borrowed indefinitely, but the firm can demand that the stock be returned at any time.

  1. Arbitrage- is the simultaneous purchase and sale of the same or similar security done in order to take advantage of a price disparity in different markets.

The same stock on dual markets. AAPL On NYSE at $50.. and $50.50 at Boston Exchange.

34
Q

A Risk Arbitrage

A

is when someone attempts to profit from a merger or acquisition. It could arise as a result of a tender offer. One company might place an offer for another company’s stock above its present market price. This is not a riskless situation because if the tender offer is not successful, the company stock that was being solicited will frequently decline in price.

35
Q

SHORT AGAIINST THE BOX

A

( long and short a Stock at the same time )
B. if a customer is long a stock in their account, and sells the same security short( borrows from the firm) , they are then “ Short against the Box”. Long and short the same stock at the same time). Short vs box is generally done to:

  1. Arbitrage
  2. Hedge an anticipated decline in their stock
    Note: short against the box cannot be used to postpone taxes to a future date.
36
Q

Order Audit Trail System(OATS

A

is an automated system owned and operated by FINRA that is designed to capture order information in NMS(National Market System) stocks and OTC equity securities reported by members for integration with trade and quotation information to provide FINRA with accurate time sequenced record of orders and transactions.

37
Q

Automated Conformation of Transaction (ACT)-

A

ACT is an automated system owned and operated by NASDAQ which compares trade information and facilities the reporting and clearing of trades.

38
Q

Trade Reporting Facility(TRF

A

is an automated trade reporting and reconciliation service operated on the ACT technology platform. The TRF electronically facilities the post execution steps of price and volume reporting, comparison and clearing of trades for NASDAQ-listed securities as well as for transactions in NYSE and other U.S. regional exchange-listed securities that occur off the floor.

TRF is not used on the floor of an exchange.

39
Q

EMMA- Electronic Municipal Market Access

A

It is the official MSRB source for:
1. Official Statements
2. Continuing disclosure documents( specified events)
3. Advance refunding documents
4. Real time trade price information

40
Q

Real-time transaction Reporting ( RTRS

A

Each broker, dealer, or municipal securities dealer shall report to the MSRB board information about each purchase and sale transaction effected in municipal securities within 15 minutes of the execution of a municipal bond transaction to the National Securities Clearing Corporation(NSCC).

Bonds are not trading on an electronic system…… that is why it is so long for execution.

41
Q

broker

A

executes orders for other members and receives a commission, acting in an agency capacity.

42
Q

Dealer

A

buys and sells for or from the firms own account, acting in a principal capacity.

43
Q

Designated Market Maker(DMM)-

A

key individual on an exchange trading floor. As a member of the stock exchange, the Designated Market Maker is required to maintain a fair and orderly market in the securities assigned to him or her. (secondary Market)

Can act as a broker or a dealer.

DMM- handles
Market Orders
Open Orders
Day Orders

44
Q

FIRM QUOTE

A

trade at least 100 shares at the quoted price.

45
Q

BID

A

price a customer will receive when selling( lower price)

46
Q

ASK

A

price a customer will pay when buying

47
Q

Mark up Policy-is the 5%

A

guideline that must be used when calculating the markup( the buy) or the markdown(the sell) transaction between a market maker and customer. This guideline specifies that the mark-up must be fair considering all relevant circumstances.

  1. Applies to all OTC transactions
  2. Policy DOES NOT apply to exchange traded securities.
48
Q

NASDAQ Quotes

A

Level I- Subject quotes and are available to the public
Level II – used by OTC traders and gives quotes of each market makers( firm quote for 100 shares)
Level III- used by NASDAQ registered market makers and allows the market makers to change bid and ask quotations sizes on the systems ( firm quote for 100 shares)

49
Q

Pink Sheets

A

are wholesale inter-dealer quotes, published daily, on low-priced OTC equity securities which do not meet the requirements to be carried in the NASDAQ system.

Before an investor buys a penny stock, the registered rep must disclose the bid and offer price and the compensation to be paid to both the registered rep and the firm for the trade.

Broker/Dealer must provide a Risk Disclosure statement to investors.
Broker/Dealer must provide monthly statements reflecting the market value of each penny stock.

monthly statements

50
Q

markets

1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th

A

IPO
Secondary
OTC
Between institutions

51
Q

Government Bonds being AUCTIONED

A

T+3 plus business days

52
Q

Sellers option Contract

A

basically states that if a customer wants to buy a stock but cannot deliver on the 2nd business day. The client will enter a 180 day contract, where the firm will put up the funds by the fourth business day after the trade date.

The client will deliver the funds no sooner than the 2nd business day and NLT the 180th calendar day after trade date.

53
Q

DVP Account-

A

Delivery Versus Payment account or Receive versus Payment, mainly used by institutions. Used by institutional investors that use their banks as a custodian for its cash and assets.

54
Q

SEC Rule 15C3-3

A

stipulates where a customer is prescribed a mandatory buy-in period who FAIL to deliver securities they have sold.

SEC 15c3-3 regulates Sellers – 10 business days after settlement date

55
Q

REG T

A

regulates Buyers , 4 business days after trade date