Secondary Flight Controls and Helicpoter Flight Controls

Question 1

Explain how spoilers can be used as speed brakes and as air spoilers?

Answer 1

Spoilers deployed upward simultaneously on both wings act as
speed brakes; as air spoilers when acting independently (as
ailerons or to assist “up” aileron by spoiling lift on that wing)

Question 2

Name the 2 types of leading edge flaps?

Answer 2

Krugger Floap

Droop Flap

Question 3

What is the purpose of a leading edge slat?

Answer 3

When retracted forms LE; When extended creates a duct that
forces high-energy air across the top surface of the wing to
delay airflow separation

Question 4

Where can speed brakes be mounted on an aircraft?

Answer 4

Top/bottom of the wings and top/bottom of the fuselage

Question 5

What acuiliary flight control can self-deploy automatically from air pressures at hight AOA?

Answer 5

Slats

Question 6

Which flight control tab moves in the same direction of the primary control surface and why?

Answer 6

Anti-servo (anti-balance) tab; to increase the force needed by
pilot to change flight control position.

Question 7

What tab will operate the primary flight control, not just reduce the force required to operate it?

Answer 7

Servo Tab. Moves in the opposite direction, producing an
aerodynamic force that moves the PFC surface

Question 8

What tab only aides in moving the control surface at high speeds?

Answer 8

Spring Tab. When aerodynamic loads are too high.

Question 9

What secondary flight control wont be visible when approaching the aircraft and why?

Answer 9

Balance panel, it is located inside the airfoil. Differential
pressure builds up on one side of the panel and assists the
flight control with movement

Question 10

What is a “Balance Surface”?

Answer 10

Portion of the surface extending out ahead of its hinge line,
assists pilot in deflecting the control surface and to hold in
deflected position

Question 11

Explain Gyroscopic Precession.

Answer 11

An action occurs 90 degrees in the same direction of rotation
from where the force is applied

Question 12

When compared to the main rotor blade rotation in what direction is torque?

Answer 12

Torque acts in the opposite direction as main rotor rotation

Question 13

What is the importance of a tail rotor?

Answer 13

To maintain directional control of the helicopter when in
hover, compensates for torque

Question 14

Why does the coriolis effect, effect flapping hinge systems more than the see saw system?

Answer 14

The flapping motion of the blades cause change in blade
velocity, accelerating and decelerating the blade

Question 15

What type of rotor uses a feathering axis for blade pitch, an individual flapping hinge for each blade and a lead-lag hing for each blade?

Answer 15

Fully Articulated Rotor

Question 16

Cyclic pitch controls a helicopter on what axis’?

Answer 16

Changes direction of flight, movement along the longitudinal
and lateral axis

Question 17

Explain the function of the collective pitch

Answer 17

Changes the pitch angle of all rotor blades collectively (up and
down movement)

Question 18

What is a free-wheeling unit in a helicopter?

Answer 18

Disengages main rotor system when engine is INOP to allow
autorotation, main rotor to rotate “freely” and allow a safer
landing

Question 19

Where is the throttle control normally located in a helicopter?

Answer 19

It is incorporated on the collective pitch control.

Question 20

Explain the function swashplate.

Answer 20

Transfers the movement of cyclic and collective from stationary
push-pull to rotating push-pull movements that are transferred
to the rotor system.

Question 21

What are the two types of secondary flight controls?

Answer 21

Devices that modify the lift

Devices that change the operating forces

Question 22

What is the purpose of flaps?

Answer 22

Lower the take-off speed
Lower the landing speed
Lower the stall speed

Question 23

What are leading edge flaps and slats?

Answer 23

Leading edge flaps and slats increase the wing camber

Question 24

What are speed brakes?

Answer 24

Help the pilot slow the aircraft during descent and landing by creating parasite drag

Question 25

What are some devices that change the operation forces?

Answer 25

Trim tabs
Servo tabs
Balance tabs
Spring tabs
Antiservo or antibalance tabs

Question 26

What is the function of the a balance surface?

Answer 26

Assists the pilot in deflection the control surface and to hold in a deflected position

Question 27

What is the function of a trim tab

Answer 27

It stabilizes control forces used to trim the aircraft so that the pilot does not need to constantly apply a control force

Question 28

What direction does a balance tab move?

Answer 28

In the direction opposite to that of the control surface which it is mounted.

Question 29

Why does a balance tab move in the opposite direction?

Answer 29

To produce an aerodynamic force that aids the pilot in moving the surface

Question 30

What are the components of a swashplate?

Answer 30

Non-rotating outer ring
Turning inner ring
Ball joint
Roll and pitch control
Links to rotor blades

Question 31

What shape are most rotor blades?

Answer 31

Symmetrical (to keep the center of pressure in constant location regardless or AOA)

Question 32

Rigid rotor

Answer 32

Makes use of feathering axis only

Question 33

Semi rigid rotor

Answer 33

Uses feathering axis for pitch change and can flap as a unit

Question 34

Fully articulated rotor

Answer 34

Uses feathering axis for blade pitch, an individual flapping hinge for each blade and a lead-lag hinge for each blade