secondary earthquake impacts Flashcards
what is the tsunami case study?, what year?
2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
how are tsunamis caused?
a series of waves, most caused by large underwater earthquakes that lead to water column displacement.
what was the magnitude of the earthquake that caused the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami?
9.3 earthquake
what plates were involved in the earthquake that caused the 2004 Indian ocean tsunami?
Indian plate subducted beneath the Burma plate (convergent destructive)
2004 Indian Ocean- social
how many died?
how many were homeless?
230,000 dead
1.7 million homeless
2004 Indian Ocean- economic
effect on tourist industry?
cost to rebuild?
tourist industry lost $25 million each month
cost $10 billion to rebuild
2004 Indian Ocean- environmental
ecosystems
agriculture
ecosystems like coral reefs were destroyed
agricultural land contaminated by salt water
what and when was the liquefaction case study?
2011, Christchurch, New Zealand
what are the three case studies for secondary earthquake hazards?
- 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami
- 2011 liquefaction is
Christchurch, NZ - 2015 landslides in Gorka Nepal
what is liquefaction?
Violent shaking during an earthquake causes surface rocks to lose strength and become more liquid than solid. As it becomes more liquid, subsoil loses its ability to support building foundations, so buildings and roads tilt or sink. the quake causes the water pressure to increase to the point that soil particles can easily move and behave like liquids, especially if the ground is made of loose sand and sediment
what was the magnitude of the shallow focus earthquake that caused liquefaction in 2011 in Christchurch?
6.3 magnitude
liquefaction social impacts
death toll
185 dead
many homeless or injured
liquefaction environmental impacts
damage to infrastructure
poor water quality from silt
liquefaction economic impacts
% buildings damaged in christchurch
rebuild cost
80% buildings damaged
$NZ 25-30bn
what is the landslide case study?, when was it?
Ghorka, Nepal, 2015
