Second Year X

Question 1

What is an agonist ?

Question 2

What is an antagonist?

Question 3

What is the difference between competitive and non competitive antagonists

Question 4

Give an example of a drug that is an antagonist

Question 5

What is non adherence

Question 6

What is non adherence

Question 7

What are the two main types of non adherence

Question 8

Give reasons / examples for each type of non adherence

Question 9

Give reasons / examples for each type of non adherence

Question 10

How can a medical professional improve adherence to

Question 11

Name various ways of administering different medications

Answer 11

Oral
Sublingual
Rectal
Parental
Topical

Question 12

What are the two types of adherence

Answer 12

Intentional and non intentional

Question 13

What are the factors doctors need to consider when their chiding an administration route

Answer 13

If a healthcare professional would have to administer it .
If it would be broken down by the digestive system .
Any side effects due to the method .
How predictable the dosing /absorption is .
How fast the drug can take effect once administered.
How easy it is to do .
Patient preference .
Where the drug is needed

Question 14

How do doctors decide which is the best medication to prescribe .

Answer 14

Diagnosed correctly ?
Patient choice
Cost effectiveness
Other health concerns
Side effects
Benefits >risks
Patient history
Current medications

Question 15

How are drugs work on enzymes?

Answer 15

The drugs resemble the natural substrates, bind enzymes and cause change in their activity this can either take place by the activation or inhibition of enzymes.

Question 16

How do drugs affect transport across membranes ?

Answer 16

As cell membranes are selectively permeable and membrane permeability is key to drug absorption,distribution and elimination effectiveness .

Question 17

How can drugs affect hormones ?

Answer 17

Medicines are effected by the endocrine system by either : inhibiting , stimulating or interacting with hormone receptors and a big example is with fertility.

Question 18

How can drugs affect transmitter substances?

Answer 18

Drugs can affect the communication between synapses in the brain by disrupting neurotransmission either by acting by or reducing or enhancing synaptic transmission

Question 19

What is Polypharmacy?

Answer 19

It describes when a patient is taking more than one medication at the same time , and the effect they can have on each other .

Question 20

What are the three ways that polypharmacy can affect drug action ?

Answer 20

patient factors, disease‐related factors, and healthcare factors.

Question 21

What is synergistic polypharmacy ?

Answer 21

When two drugs work on the same body system - can be helpful or harmful .

Question 22

What is antagonistic polypharmacy?

Answer 22

When drugs work against each other or counteract each other .

Question 23

What are some common foods that interact with medicine ?

Answer 23

Grapefruit
Black liquorice
Alcohol
Milk
Yogurt

Question 24

Example of synergistic polypharmacy?

Answer 24

Ramipril with amlodipine . Ramipril is an ACE inhibitor and amlodipine is a vasodilator.

Question 25

Example of antagonistic polypharmacy?

Answer 25

Propranolol with salbutamol . Propranolol antagonises the receptor that salbutamol normally binds to .