Second world war Flashcards
Were the defeated countries allowed to participate or put forward their view point in the ppc?
No!!!
The major decisions were determined by the big three, who were they?
a) US president
b) British prime minister
c) French prime minister
who was the us president who represented us in the ppc?
Woodrow wilson
who was British prime minister during ppc ?
David Llyod George
who was French prime minister during ppc?
George Clemenceau
What was Woodrow’s fourteen points nature?
1) sincere, just settlement and safeguard lasting peace
Did Wilson want to punish Germany? and why
No, he thought Germany was still important to reconstruction of Europe
Why was Wilson have a lenient attitude towards germany?
cuz US did not suffer much damage and casualties from the war
What was Clemenceau’s attitude towards defeated countries?
a) He hated Germany and wanted full revenge and wanted to protect the security of France
Why did Clemency of France hate Germany?
He saw Germany invaded twice by Germany
in which wars did Germany invade France
- Franco-Prussian War and First World War
what did clemency want to do to Germany?
- weaken Germany.so she could never attack franc again
- gain compensation for all the damage France suffered
who was nicknamed the tiger and for what reason?
Clemeancu, because of his hostile attitude
Who personally agreed with Wilson’s principle
Lloyd George of Britain
Why were the British people strong in their demands for revenge?
They had suffered a great loss of life and property in war
So what did Llyod try to do , choose France or US’s viewpoint?
he tried to strike a compromise between the idealism of Wilson and the harsh demands of Clemenceau
why did Lloyd do this? like in between?
he thought Germany was an
important customer/ market for British
trade and so shouldn’t be kept too weak
at the ppc, Wilson and Lloyd didn’t want to leave Germany with the desire for revenge, but why did the tides turn in favour of Clemenceau?
It is because
a) an attemptedassasination of clemency granted him sympathy
b) Most Americans did not share Wilson’s view on American involvement in world affairs –> they preferred to keep us out of European affairs
c) public opinions in 1919 would not accept peace without restrictions on German forces
what were the five main aspects in which Germany was punished harshly by the treaty of versailles
hint: ( territorial losses)
- territorial losses
- War guilt
- Colonies
- Arms
- Reparations
What were the territorial losses of Germany?
- Alsace and Lorraine were returned to France
- The saar Coalfield
- Posen and West Prussia
- Danzig
who was the saar coalfield given to and for how long
France, 15 years
what happened to the fate of saar plebiscite
after 15 yrs of giving to France, saar people could vote on to which country they wanted to belong
Who was Posen and west Prussia given to? and what did it create?
to Poland and it created the polish corridor
what did the polish corridor allow?
It allowed Poland to gain access to the Baltic Sea
The polish corridor cut off _______ from _______
East Prussia …….. Germany
What happened to Danzig?
It was made a free city and administered by the League of Nations
what is this aspect of the harsh term of TOV: ________
Germany had to accept _____. _______________ for the _______
full responsibility, war
war guilt ***
**Colonies
All ________ German ___________ in __________ and the ________ and occupied terriories in ______ became _________ under the victorious powers.
former, colonies,Africa, Pacific , China , mandates
**Armaments **
- The ______________ was ___________ and to be occupied by ______________ troops for _____ years
rhineland, demilitarized, allied troops , 15
Arms
Germany was virtually disarmed. She was allowed and army of _________ soldiers , six ______ _________- and a few ______ _____________
100 000, small battleships, smaller vessels
what arms were forbidden in tov for Germany?
submarines and aeroplanes
** Arms
Germany was forbidden from making an ______ with __________ ever again***
alliance, austria
*** reparation
-How much was Germany required to pay and to whom and for what?
a huge reparation of L6600 million to the Allies to compensate for their losses
How were the reparations (L6600 million) supposed to be paid? In what_______-
In annual instalments
and the other part in gold and goods –> coal, chemicals and cattle
How many treaties were there for the peace settlements after First World War?
5
Name the three peace settlement treaties
Treaty of Versailles,
treaty of St. Germain with Austria,
Treaties with Bulgaria ,
Hungary and
Turkey
Under the TOV how many percentage of different things did Germany loose?
13% of her land
12% of her people
10% of her coal
48% of her iron
15% of her agricultural production
** Germany’s perspective
The ______-________ c_________ and the loss of ________ ________ wounded the _______ ___________ of Germany
war guilt clause , armed forces, national pride
What were the Germans’ attitude towards TOV
outraged, humiliated, angry and bitter
Why were germans determined to take revenge on the victors?
inorder to regain lost territories and their pride
what did German discontent and feelings of revenge later create?
New problems in post-war Europe
*** details of the treaty of st. Germain with Austria
The treaty split the _______ ____________ _______ into many pieces.
_____________ left _________ ___________ to become a ** ___________ ____________ ________________
AH was split into two ______________ _______________, ______________ and ___________________
AH was also divided ____________________,
—> ___________ __________ were created : ___________________ and _____________________
Austria had to cede _________ to __________ and ________ and ________ __________ to _____________
the Austrian __________ and _____________ were reduced
Austro-Hungarian empire
Yugoslavia , Austria-Hungary
multi-ethnic nation
independent republics, Austria and Hungary
ethnically,
New states.
Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia
Galicia to Poland, Istria and South Tyrol to Italy
army and navy
Who were the central powers:
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Bulgaria
the Ottoman Empire
who were the allies
France
Great Britain
Russia
Italy
Japan
later, the United States.
Bulgaria’s punishment?
** ceded land to _________
gave up ________- to __________
ceded land on her western frontier to Yugoslavia and gave up Western Thrace to Greece
Hungary’s punishment?
ceded ____________ to ______________
Transylvania to Rumania
** the treaties about the control of balkan territories broke smh..?
The ___________ _____________was broken into __________. In Europe, the empiree retained a small piece of land around ________________
Ottoman Empire
pieces
Constantinople
