Second Test

Question 1

What are the three components of human orientation?

Answer 1

• Visual Systems
• Proprioception
• Vestibular System

Question 2

How much of orientation depends on vision?

Answer 2

90% of orientation information comes from eyes

Question 3

What are the two systems of vision?

Answer 3

– Focal Vision – (the What)

– Ambient or Peripheral Vision (the Where)

Question 4

Where are your visual blind spots?

Answer 4

Day blind spot: Off Center

Night blind spot: Central to both eyes

Question 5

Undetected movement occurs at what rate?

Answer 5

3 degrees

Question 6

What is effective scanning?

Answer 6

• Move eyes in increments - focus in “blocks” – 60 degrees left/right & 10 degrees up/down
• Side-to-side
• Front-to-side
• Instruments
• Each stop should be 1 or 2 seconds

Question 7

What is autokinesis?

Answer 7

• Single lights in low light conditions are difficult for the eye to perceive

Question 8

How do you defeat autokinesis?

Answer 8

• Don’t stare at single-point objects/lights
• Use diamond-pattern scan
• 15 degrees to right, top, left, bottom of object (off-center scan)
• Helps stabilize stars, ground lights, etc

Question 9

Loss of engine power in IMC directly over an airport requires you to do a spiraling descent. ATC directs you to a new heading, which requires you to maintain your current altitude and hold your current heading, while in IMC.

What would you feel?

What illusion?

Answer 9

• Stopping the spiral creates the illusion of a turn in the opposite direction
• Graveyard Spiral

Question 10

While climbing through IMC you experience a catastrophic engine failure and immediately level the aircraft to identify the issues.

What sensations would you expect?

Which illusion?

Answer 10

• Sensation is similar to flying inverted

- Inversion Illusion

Question 11

You are flying at night and a light appears to be moving toward you.

Which illusions could this be?

What circumstances need to be present for these illusions to occur?

What strategies would you use?

Answer 11

• Oculogyric Illusion
• Coming out of a turn at night
• Look away, trust instruments

Question 12

Describe common deviations seen in black hole and overwater approaches.

Answer 12

Low approaches

Question 13

Describe the mechanism of the hidden ridge illusion.

Answer 13

if rear terrain dropping, pull up!

Question 14

Push-pull effect

Answer 14

Going from -Gz to +Gz maneuvers quickly is dangerous