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A&P1 B6 > Second Slide Deck > Flashcards

Second Slide Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Observable features of thigh

A

Slide 2

Vastus Lateralis

Vastus Medialis

ETC… Check out that Femoral Triangle…. Oh Baby!

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2
Q

Three of the four muscles that constitute the quadriceps femoris muscle group can be identified:
(Except on your legs ya pansy)

A

Rectus femoris

Vastus lateralis

Vastus medialis

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3
Q

The fourth muscle of the group, the __ ___, is deep to the above three

A

vastus intermedius

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4
Q

Sartorius

on slide 4

A

is it getting hot in here?

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5
Q

The _______ is the aponeurosis of the tensor fasciae lata plus the gluteus maximus muscles

A

iliotibial tract

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6
Q

The iliotibial tract is the aponeurosis of the __ plus __

A

tensor fasciae lata plus the gluteus maximus muscles

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7
Q

is the most lateral structure of the thigh

A

The iliotibial tract

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8
Q

Three compartments of the thigh

A

Anterior

Posterior (hamstrings)

Medial (Adductor)

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9
Q

Extensors at the knee, flexion at the hip

Innervation (free appendage muscles): femoral nerve

A

Anterior compartment

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10
Q

Adductors of the hip

Innervation: obturator (almost all)

A

Medial compartment (Adductor group)

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11
Q

Flexors at the knee, extensors at the hip

Innervation: tibial nerve (almost all) {tibial division of sciatic nerve, which is why some references state sciatic and some state tibial nerve}

A

Posterior compartment (‘Hamstrings’)

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12
Q

Look at Slide 7 for an image of the 3 compartments of the thigh

A

You will need to know this well

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13
Q

Anterior compartment of thigh

List them all!

A

Pectineus*
Illiopsoas*: psoas major, psoas minor, iIliacus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

  • Since these are not within the free appendage, they are often not considered muscles of the thigh, or they may be categorized as “extrinsic” muscles of the thigh
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14
Q

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

A

Posterior compartment (‘Hamstrings’)

  • Since these are not within the free appendage, they are often not considered muscles of the thigh, or they may be categorized as “extrinsic” muscles of the thigh
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15
Q 
Pectineus*
Adductor longus 
Adductor brevis 
Adductor magnus 
Gracilis 
Obturator externus*
A

Medial compartment (Adductor group)

  • Since these are not within the free appendage, they are often not considered muscles of the thigh, or they may be categorized as “extrinsic” muscles of the thigh
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16
Q

Pectineus*
Illiopsoas*: psoas major, psoas minor, iIliacus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

A

Anterior compartment

  • Since these are not within the free appendage, they are often not considered muscles of the thigh, or they may be categorized as “extrinsic” muscles of the thigh
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17
Q

Posterior compartment of thigh

List them all!

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

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18
Q

Medial compartment of thigh

List them all!

A 
Pectineus*
Adductor longus 
Adductor brevis 
Adductor magnus 
Gracilis 
Obturator externus*
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19
Q

Which muscle is transitional between the anterior and medial compartments?

A

Pectineus*

  • Since these are not within the free appendage, they are often not considered muscles of the thigh, or they may be categorized as “extrinsic” muscles of the thigh
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20
Q

What are the “extrinsic” muscles of the thigh?

A

Pectineus*

Illiopsoas*

Obturator externus*

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21
Q

Slide 9 image

A

take a gander

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22
Q

Slide 10 image

A

take a gander

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23
Q

Slide 11 image

A

take a gander

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24
Q

Thigh muscles illustrated: illiopsoas (psoas + illiacus), sartorius, plus tensor of the fascia lata

slide 11

A

take a looksy

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25
Q

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: pes anserine tendon at upper tibia

Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates femur at the hip joint, and flexes leg at the knee

Innervation: femoral nerve

Supplemental: longest muscle in the body, it is also known as the tailor’s muscle; upper portion forms lateral border of the femoral triangle

A

Sartorius

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26
Q

Sartorius

O

A

I

S

A

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Insertion: pes anserine tendon at upper tibia

Action: Flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates femur at the hip joint, and flexes leg at the knee

Innervation: femoral nerve

Supplemental: longest muscle in the body, it is also known as the tailor’s muscle; upper portion forms lateral border of the femoral triangle

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27
Q

longest muscle in the body, it is also known as the tailor’s muscle; upper portion forms lateral border of the femoral triangle

A

sartorius

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28
Q

Iliopsoas

O

A

I

S

A

Origin:

  • –Psoas major: transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae
  • –Iliacus: iliac fossa (of ilium) and sacrum

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other, rotate thigh laterally

Innervation:

  • -Psoas: lumbar spinal nerves
  • -Iliacus: femoral nerve
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29
Q

Origin:

  • –Psoas major: transverse processes and bodies of lumbar vertebrae
  • –Iliacus: iliac fossa (of ilium) and sacrum

Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

Action: Flex the torso and thigh with respect to each other, rotate thigh laterally

Innervation:

  • -Psoas: lumbar spinal nerves
  • -Iliacus: femoral nerve
A

Iliopsoas

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30
Q

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and iliac crest

Insertion: tibia by way of iliotibial tract (iliotibial band (ITB))

Action: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh at hip joint; helps stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

A

Tensor Fasciae Latae

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31
Q

Tensor Fasciae Latae
O

A

I

S

A

Tensor Fasciae Latae

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and iliac crest

Insertion: tibia by way of iliotibial tract (iliotibial band (ITB))

Action: flexes, abducts, and medially rotates thigh at hip joint; helps stabilize and steady the hip and knee joints by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia

Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

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32
Q

Thigh muscles illustrated: quadriceps femoris group

A

slide 15

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33
Q

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon, then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends the leg at the knee, flexes thigh at the hip joint

Innervation: femoral

A

Rectus Femoris

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34
Q

Rectus Femoris
O

A

I

S

A

Rectus Femoris

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine (AIIS)

Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon, then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends the leg at the knee, flexes thigh at the hip joint

Innervation: femoral

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35
Q

Origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon, then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends the leg at the knee

Innervation: femoral

A

Vastus Lateralis

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36
Q

Vastus Lateralis
O

A

I

S

A

Vastus Lateralis

Origin: greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon, then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends the leg at the knee

Innervation: femoral

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37
Q

Origin: linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon, then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends the leg at the knee

Innervation: femoral nerve

A

Vastus Medialis

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38
Q

Vastus Medialis
O

A

I

S

A

Vastus Medialis

Origin: linea aspera of femur

Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon, then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends the leg at the knee

Innervation: femoral nerve

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39
Q

Origin: superior anterior and lateral surfaces of femur

Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon, then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends the leg at the knee

Innervation: femoral

A

Vastus Intermedius

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40
Q

Vastus Intermedius
O

A

I

S

A

Vastus Intermedius

Origin: superior anterior and lateral surfaces of femur

Insertion: patella via quadriceps tendon, then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Action: extends the leg at the knee

Innervation: femoral

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41
Q

Posterior Compartment of the Thigh
Hamstring muscles

Features of hamstring muscles ?

A

Origin on ischial tuberosity

Insert on a bone of the leg (tibia or fibula)

Innervated by tibial nerve (of the sciatic nerve)

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42
Q

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris (long head only)
Part of the adductor magnus (the ‘hamstring’ AKA vertical or posterior portion)

A

——Hamstring muscles by below criteria are:

Origin on ischial tuberosity

Insert on a bone of the leg (tibia or fibula)

Innervated by tibial nerve (of the sciatic nerve)

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43
Q

Because the hamstrings cross two joints (hip and knee) they have action in

A

extending the thigh at the hip and flexing the leg at the knee

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44
Q

Hamstring muscles

But they cannot do both maximally at the same time since performing either action maximally requires so much shortening of the muscle, there is not enough shortening capability left to perform the other action to any great degree

A

Hamstring muscles

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45
Q

Origin:

  • –Long head: ischial tuberosity
  • –Short head: linea aspera of femur

Insertion: fibular head and lateral tibial condyle

Action: entire muscle flexes the leg at the knee, and long head extends thigh at the hip joint

Innervation: sciatic nerve constituents

  • –Long head: tibial nerve
  • –Short head: common fibular nerve
A

Biceps Femoris

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46
Q

Biceps Femoris
O

A

I

S

A

Biceps Femoris

Origin:

  • –Long head: ischial tuberosity
  • –Short head: linea aspera of femur

Insertion: fibular head and lateral tibial condyle

Action: entire muscle flexes the leg at the knee, and long head extends thigh at the hip joint

Innervation: sciatic nerve constituents

  • –Long head: tibial nerve
  • –Short head: common fibular nerve
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47
Q

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: pes anserine tendon at upper tibia
Action: flexes leg at the knee, and extends the thigh at the hip
Innervation: tibial nerve ( a component of the sciatic nerve)

A

Semitendinosus

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48
Q

Semitendinosus

O

A

I

S

A

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: pes anserine tendon at upper tibia

Action: flexes leg at the knee, and extends the thigh at the hip

Innervation: tibial nerve ( a component of the sciatic nerve)

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49
Q

Semimembranosus
O

A

I

S

A

Semimembranosus

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial condyle of tibia

Action: flexes leg at the knee, and extends the thigh at the hip

Innervation: tibial nerve

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50
Q

Medial Compartment/Adductors

General origin: pubis, insertion: femur (linea aspera)
Innervation: obturator nerve
Action: adduct the thigh at the hip joint

Adductor longus, brevis, magnus
Gracilis, Pectineus

Exceptions:
Adductor magnus has a ‘hamstring portion’ so it receives tibial nerve innervation
Gracilis inserts on medial tibia, so it can flex at the knee as well
Pectineus often appears to be composed of two layers; superficial and deep, wherein the superficial layer is innervated by the femoral nerve, and the deep layer is innervated by the obturator nerve. Since the pectineus both adducts and flexes the thigh, it is actually a transitional muscle between the anterior and medial compartments.

A

thanks for all the info you…. *#%^%@!!

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51
Q

Adductor Brevis

O

A

I

S

A

Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Action: adducts and flexes the thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve

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52
Q

Adductor Longus

O

A

I

S

A

Origin: pubis
Insertion: linea aspera of femur
Action: adducts and flexes the thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve

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53
Q

Adductor Magnus

O

A

I

S

A

Origin:
Anterior (adductor) head: pubis and ischium
Posterior (hamstrings) head: ischial tuberosity

Insertion:
Anterior (adductor) part: linea aspera of femur
Posterior (hamstrings) part: adductor tubercle of femur

Action:
Anterior (adductor) part: adducts and flexes thigh
Posterior (hamstrings) part: adducts and extends thigh

Innervation:
Anterior (adductor) part: obturator nerve
Posterior (vertical or hamstring) portion: tibial nerve

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54
Q

Pectineus

O

A

I

S

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: pectineal line of femur

Action: adducts the thigh and flexes the hip joint

Innervation: femoral nerve; frequently also obturator nerve

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55
Q

____ is presented here as a component of the medial compartment. Since it both adducts and flexes the thigh, it is actually a transitional muscle between the anterior and medial compartments.

A

Pectineus

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56
Q

Gracilis

O

A

I

S

A

Origin: pubis

Insertion: pes anserine tendon at upper tibia

Action: adducts and flexes the thigh at the hip, and flexes the leg at the knee

Innervation: obturator nerve

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57
Q

The Adductor Canal and Adductor Hiatus

Adductor canal (subsartorial canal):

Begins where ___ crosses ___

Ends in the adductor hiatus formed by ___ ____

Femoral artery & vein, saphenous nerve (a branch of the femoral nerve)

A

Begins where sartorius crosses adductor longus

Ends in the adductor hiatus formed by adductor magnus

Femoral artery & vein, saphenous nerve (a branch of the femoral nerve)

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58
Q

The femoral artery exits the adductor canal at the _____, and becomes the popliteal artery.

Likewise, the popliteal vein becomes the femoral vein when it enters the

A

adductor hiatus

adductor canal.

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59
Q

Adductor hiatus

Shown is the opening to the adductor canal in the thigh

It is overlain by the _____, which is reflected here

It is through the adductor hiatus that vessels travel from the anterior thigh to the posterior thigh in their course toward the popliteal fossa

A

sartorius

slide 36

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60
Q

Adductor hiatus

The adductor hiatus marks the end of the adductor canal at the opening of the….

A

…long tendon of the adductor magnus

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61
Q

Pes anserine group

which conjoined tendons?

A

Pes anserine (AKA pes anserinus; Latin for goose’s foot) is the final common tendinous insertion of the conjoined tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles onto the anteromedial proximal tibia.

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62
Q

The conjoined tendon lies superficial to the tibial insertion of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) of the knee, and is sometimes also called the inside hamstring muscles, being responsible for flexing the knee and stabilizing the inside of the knee.

A

Pes anserine group

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63
Q

The Femoral Triangle

landmark?

nerves and vessels?

boundaries?

A

Important landmark in the superomedial thigh

Femoral nerves and vessels pass through this space

Boundaries
Base: inguinal ligament (external oblique)
Lateral: sartorius 
Medial: adductor longus
Floor: iliopsoas & pectineus
64
Q 
Boundaries
Base: inguinal ligament (external oblique)
Lateral: sartorius 
Medial: adductor longus
Floor: iliopsoas & pectineus
A

The Femoral Triangle

65
Q

slide 41 images

A

images

66
Q

Femoral Triangle

contents?

A

Contents
Across the superior aspect of the femoral triangle, the major vessels and nerves are arranged from lateral to medial: femoral Nerve, Artery, Vein, and Lymphatics.
Mnemonic: N, A, Ve, L or NAVL or NAVeL

67
Q

Femoral nerve damage in this area may impair ability to extend the knee.

A

Femoral Triangle

68
Q

‘NAVEL’
Femoral nerve & femoral sheath

Femoral canal
Allows distension of the femoral vein
Normally filled with extraperitoneal fat
Femoral ring at proximal end and saphenous hiatus at distal end

A

Femoral Triangle

69
Q

SLIDE 45 FEMORAL TRIANGLE

A

SWEET

70
Q

Falciform margin OF FEMORAL TRIANGLE

COVERED BY?

A

Covered by cribriform fascia

superficial fascia

71
Q

Femoral Triangle SUPERIOR BORDER?

A

Superior border is the inguinal ligament

72
Q

Femoral Triangle LATERAL AND MEDIAL BORDER?

A

Boundaries of the femoral triangle:
Lateral border is the sartorius
Medial border is adductor longus

73
Q

Femoral Triangle FLOOR (2 MUSCLES)?

A

Boundaries of the femoral triangle:
Floor is formed by the
Iliopsoas muscle
Pectineus muscle

74
Q

Structures seen here in the femoral triangle are
Femoral nerve
Femoral artery
Femoral vein

A

Femoral Triangle

75
Q

Cutaneous innervation to the anterior thigh

A

Supplied by the femoral nerve

76
Q

Cutaneous innervation to the lateral thigh

A

Supplied by lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh

77
Q

Cutaneous innervation to the posterior thigh

A

Supplied by posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

78
Q

Cutaneous innervation to the medial thigh

A

Supplied by obturator nerve

79
Q

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh, AKA lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, courses at or near…

A

the anterior superior iliac spine. It is therefore subject to damage when the ASIS is severely traumatized.

80
Q

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve supplies

A

skin of inferior buttock, posterior thigh, popliteal fossa, and lateral perineum

81
Q

Obturator Nerve supplies the

A

skin of the medial thigh

82
Q

A good anterior landmark is L4, which crosses the

A

knee and medial malleolus.

83
Q

Posteriorly, S1 extends from the

A

lateral head of the gastrocnemius

84
Q

Posteriorly, S2 extends from the

A

medial head of the gastrocnemius

85
Q

the diamond-shaped depression of the posterior aspect of the knee

A

popliteal fossa

86
Q

It is bounded superiorly by the hamstrings and inferiorly by the two heads of the gastrocnemius and the plantaris

A

Popliteal fossa

87
Q

All important vessels and nerves from the thigh to the leg pass through this fossa

A

Popliteal fossa

88
Q

Tendons visible at the popliteal area:

A

Tendon of semitendinosus muscle (medial)

Tendon of biceps femoris (lateral)

89
Q

A portion of the iliotibial tract can be seen lateral to the tendon of biceps femoris (see subsequent illustration(s)) OF SLIDE 59

A

Popliteal fossa

90
Q

POPLITEAL FOSSA

Roof: ?
Floor: ?

A

Roof: popliteal fascia
Floor: popliteal surface of
the femur

91
Q

empties into the popliteal vein

A

Small saphenous vein

92
Q

Popliteal artery and vein

The femoral artery (or vein) becomes the popliteal artery (or vein) when it passes through the ____

Artery on left at bottom
Vein on right (can see more vein than artery)

A

adductor hiatus

93
Q

The largest joint in the human body,

A

the knee is a complex, weight-bearing hinge-type synovial joint comprising ligaments, cartilage, bone, and bursae

94
Q

It is relatively weak mechanically due to incongruence of its articular surfaces, and the absence of some degree of enclosure of one articulating bone by the other, such as occurs in the shoulder, elbow, and hip

A

the knee

95
Q

The knee joint consists of three articulations

A

Femoral and tibial condyles comprising two articulations (lateral and medial articulations)

Patella and femur (AKA the patellofemoral joint, the third articulation)

96
Q

The ____ is not involved in the knee joint

Movements at the knee are are illustrated on the following slide

A

fibula

97
Q

(AKA the patellofemoral joint, the third articulation) OF THE KNEE

A

Patella and femur

98
Q

(AKA the patellofemoral joint, the third articulation) OF THE KNEE

A

Patella and femur

99
Q

Capsule of the knee joint

Fibrous capsule formed by the combination of?

A

Patella and patellar ligament (which form the anterior part of the capsule)

100
Q

Capsule of the knee joint

(forming the superior, posterior, and inferior portions of the capsule)?

A

Articular margins of the condyle and intercondylar fossa of the femur, and the condyle of the tibia

101
Q

Lines the internal aspect of the fibrous capsule (a general feature of synovial joints)

Attaches to the periphery of the patella and the edges of the menisci

Reflects onto the cruciate ligaments

A

Synovial membrane OF THE KNEE JOINT

102
Q

Five extracapsular ligaments strengthen the knee joint:

A

Patellar ligament

Fibular collateral ligament, AKA lateral collateral ligament, provides stability to the lateral aspect of the knee

Tibial collateral ligament, AKA medial collateral ligament, provides stability to the medial aspect of the knee

Oblique popliteal ligament

Arcuate popliteal ligament

103
Q

Which is stronger… the Tibial collateral ligament or the Fibular collateral ligament?

Which is damaged more?

A

The tibial collateral ligament is weaker than the fibular collateral ligament, and is more often damaged

104
Q

AKA lateral collateral ligament, provides stability to the lateral aspect of the knee

A

Fibular collateral ligament

105
Q

AKA medial collateral ligament, provides stability to the medial aspect of the knee

A

Tibial collateral ligament

106
Q

take a look at 69

A

the slide…. not………… you’re sick

107
Q

Menisci

Fibrocartilaginous disc on the tibia which deepen the articular surface, act as

A

shock absorbers, and fill in gaps during joint movement

108
Q

Menisci

Peripherally they attach to the __ and are within ___?

A

synovial capsule, and are within the synovial capsule

109
Q

Menisci

____ is attached to the tibial collateral ligament, and is more likely to be injured than is the lateral meniscus

A

Medial meniscus

110
Q

Menisci

______ is not attached to its corresponding ligament, the fibular collateral ligament

A

Lateral meniscus

111
Q

Nearly circular in shape

Smaller and more freely movable than the medial meniscus

A

Lateral meniscus

112
Q

C-shaped

Larger than the lateral meniscus

Tearing of the tibial collateral ligament frequently results in concomitant tearing of the medial meniscus because of their firm attachment to each other

A

Medial meniscus

113
Q

Medial meniscus

shape?

tearing of this often tears the medial meniscus?

A

C-shaped

Larger than the lateral meniscus

Tearing of the tibial collateral ligament frequently results in concomitant tearing of the medial meniscus because of their firm attachment to each other

114
Q

The ___ ___ of the knee connects the lateral and medial menisci anteriorly

A

transverse ligament

115
Q

Intra-articular Ligaments

A

ACL and PCL

116
Q

crisscross within the articular capsule of the joint, but outside the synovial joint cavity

A

Cruciate ligaments

117
Q

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral femoral condyle
Weaker of the two cruciate ligaments
Slack when the knee if flexed, taut when the knee is fully extended
Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia (relative to the femur)

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

118
Q

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial femoral condyle
Stronger of the two cruciate ligaments
Tightens during flexion of the knee joint
Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia (relative to the femur)

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

119
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Anterior intercondylar area of tibia to…

A

lateral femoral condyle

120
Q

Weaker of the two cruciate ligaments

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

121
Q

Slack when the knee if flexed, taut when the knee is fully extended

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

122
Q

Prevents anterior displacement of the tibia (relative to the femur)

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

123
Q

Posterior intercondylar area of tibia to medial femoral condyle

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

124
Q

Stronger of the two cruciate ligaments

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

125
Q

Tightens during flexion of the knee joint

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

126
Q

Prevents posterior displacement of the tibia (relative to the femur)

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

127
Q

arises from the front of the intercondylar eminence of the tibia

A

The anterior cruciate ligament

128
Q

It inserts on the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur

A

The anterior cruciate ligament

129
Q

It is taut when the knee is extended, preventing hyperextension of the knee joint

A

The anterior cruciate ligament

130
Q

arises from behind the intercondylar eminence of the tibia

A

posterior cruciate ligament

131
Q

It inserts on the lateral side of the medial condyle of the femur

A

posterior cruciate ligament

132
Q

It is taut when the knee is flexed, and is the main stabilizing factor for the femur in the weight bearing flexed knee (as in when walking downhill)

A

posterior cruciate ligament

133
Q

is completely separated from the capsule of the knee joint

A

Fibular collateral ligament

134
Q

It arises on the lateral condyle of the femur

near the origin of the popliteus muscle, and ends on the lateral head of the fibula

A

Fibular collateral ligament

135
Q

Because it does not attach directly to the lateral meniscus, the lateral meniscus is less likely to sustain concomitant damage than is the medial meniscus which is firmly attached to the tibial collateral ligament

A

Fibular collateral ligament

136
Q

78 has images of Tightening of cruciate ligaments

A

78

137
Q

79 has a pretty pic

A

79 = pretty

138
Q

Bursae are sacs or pouches of synovial fluid located at friction points, especially about joints

A

Bursae of knee

IMAGE ON SLIDE 80 is WORTH IT!!!

139
Q

Within the synovial capsule

A

Menisci

Ligaments that involve “menisco-” in their name: anterior and posterior meniscofemoral

The proximal attachment of the popliteus muscle

Bursae (not really within the synovial capsule, but they communicate with it), most notably the suprapatellar bursae.

140
Q

Most notable bursae of the synovial capsule?

A

most notably the suprapatellar bursae.

141
Q

ARTERIES OF THE KNEE

A

slide 83

142
Q

Because the stability of the knee joint depends almost entirely on its associated ligaments and muscles, knee joint injuries are common

The most common knee injuries in contact sports are ___ which occur when?

A

ligament sprains, which occur when the foot is fixed in the ground—a force is applied against the knee when the foot can not move, resulting in the sprain

143
Q

The firm attachment of the tibial collateral ligament to the medial meniscus is of clinical significance because

A

tearing of the tibial (medial) collateral ligament frequently results in concomitant tearing of the medial meniscus

144
Q

Knee Joint Injuries

Twisting strains of the tibial collateral ligament may tear or detach the medial meniscus from the fibrous capsule, in turn

A

rupturing the ACL producing an “unhappy triad of injuries”

145
Q

Severe force directed anteriorly with the knee semiflexed may tear the __

__ ruptures allow the tibia to slide anteriorly from the femur

A

ACL

146
Q

The anterior drawer test evaluates the integrity of the __

Endpoint laxity suggests a ruptured __

A

ACL

147
Q

The PCL is strong (stronger than the ACL), although it may be ruptured when a player lands on the __ with the knee ___

A

tibial tuberosity with the knee flexed.

148
Q

PCL ruptures usually occur in conjunction with

A

tibial or fibular ligament tears.

149
Q

PCL ruptures allow the tibia to slide

A

posteriorly from the femur

150
Q

The posterior drawer test evaluates the integrity of the ___

Endpoint laxity suggests a ruptured ___

A

PCL

151
Q

One of the most common problems experienced by runners

A

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

152
Q

Also called “runner’s knee”

A

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

153
Q

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

EXPLAIN WHAT’S GOING ON IN THE KNEE… IF YOU CAN’T MAYBE LOOK AT THIS SLIDE A FEW MORE TIMES HUH!?!

(Or maybe it’s time to ring the bell?)

A

During flexion and extension of the knee, the patella tracks (glides) laterally in addition to the normal superior and inferior movement within the groove of the femoral condyles.

This places increased pressure on the joint, causing aching or tenderness around or under the patella.

Pain generally occurs after sitting for awhile, especially after exercise. It is worsened by walking down stairs, or by squatting.

154
Q

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

Causes and predisposing factors:

A

Constantly walking, running, or jogging on the same side of the road. Roads slope down on the sides, so the knee that is closer to the center of the road endures greater mechanical stress because it does not fully extend during a stride

Running on hills

Running long distances

Genu valgum (knock knees)

155
Q

Pain generally occurs after sitting for awhile, especially after exercise. It is worsened by walking down stairs, or by squatting.

A

Patellofemoral stress syndrome

A&P1 B6 (3 decks)

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