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A&P1 B6 > First Slide Deck > Flashcards

First Slide Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Regions of the Lower Extremity

A 
Gluteal
Thigh (femoral)
Knee
Patellar (anterior)
Popliteal (posterior)
Leg (crural)
Anterior
Calf (sural)
Foot (pedal)
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2
Q

Pelvic girdle is attached to the vertebral column (sacroiliac joints)

Hip bones are firmly attached at the midline

Knee has stabilizing ligaments and muscles on which it depends

Fibula does not enter into the knee joint

Bones of the foot are large and adapted for bearing weight

Flexor versus extensor surfaces

A

Features of the Lower Limb

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3
Q

Features of the Lower Limb

A

Pelvic girdle is attached to the vertebral column (sacroiliac joints)

Hip bones are firmly attached at the midline

Knee has stabilizing ligaments and muscles on which it depends

Fibula does not enter into the knee joint

Bones of the foot are large and adapted for bearing weight

Flexor versus extensor surfaces

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4
Q

STRENGTH VERSUS LOCOMOTION

A

Weight-bearing appendage needs strength

Locomotion appendage needs flexibility and range of motion

Structural compromise between stability and range of motion

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5
Q

Weight-bearing appendage needs ___

A

strength

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6
Q

Locomotion appendage needs flexibility and ____

A

range of motion

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7
Q

Structural ____ between stability and range of motion

A

compromise

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8
Q 
Os Coxae (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14)
A

Bones of the Lower Extremity

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9
Q

Bones of the Lower Extremity

A 
Os Coxae (ilium, ischium, pubis)
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals (7)
Metatarsals (5)
Phalanges (14)
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10
Q

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

A

Hip (os coxae) component

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11
Q

Hip (os coxae) component

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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12
Q

Bones fuse in late teens / early 20s to form a single bone, the os coxae AKA ____

A

innominate bone

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13
Q

Slide 8, 9 for views of the hip

A

check it

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14
Q

Skin dimples mark the position of the ____

A

posterior superior iliac spines

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15
Q

The dimples are typically more visible in women than in men

A

Skin dimples mark the position of the posterior superior iliac spines

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16
Q

Slide three for lower limb definitions

A

aight

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17
Q

Consists of complete ring composed of hip bones, pubic symphysis, and sacrum

A

Bony pelvis

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18
Q

Bony Pelvis has?

A

complete ring composed of hip bones, pubic symphysis, and sacrum

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19
Q

The portion of the bony pelvis superior to the pelvic brim is the ____.

A

false (greater) pelvis

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20
Q

The portion of the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim is the ____.

A

true (lesser) pelvis

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21
Q

The___ contains the urinary bladder, portions of the large intestine, and internal organs of the reproductive system

A

pelvic cavity

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22
Q

Bones of males are generally ____, and have larger surface markings than those of females of comparable age and physical stature

A

larger and heavier

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23
Q

Most structural differences in the female pelvis are adaptations to requirements of ____

A

pregnancy and childbirth

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24
Q

False pelvis shallow in female (left), ___ in male

A

deep

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25
Q

Pelvic brim (inlet) larger and more __ in female

A

oval

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26
Q

Acetabulum smaller and faces ____ in female, faces laterally in male

A

anteriorly

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27
Q

Obturator foramen oval in female, ___ in male

A

round

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28
Q

Pubic arch ____° angle in female, < 90° in male

A

> 90

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29
Q

Check slide 16, 17, 18 for male/female pelvis slides

A

DO IT

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30
Q

False pelvis shallow in female (left), deep in male

____ larger and more oval in female

Acetabulum smaller and faces anteriorly in female, faces laterally in male

_____ oval in female, round in male

Pubic arch > 90° angle in female, < 90° in male

A

Pelvic brim (inlet)

Obturator foramen

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31
Q

Iliac crest more/less curved in female?

A

less

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32
Q

Ilium more/less vertical in female

A

less

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33
Q

Greater sciatic notch ___ in female

A

wider

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34
Q

____ more movable and more curved anteriorly in female

A

Coccyx

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35
Q

___ shorter and wider in female

A

Sacrum

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36
Q

Pelvic outlet wider in?

A

female

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37
Q

Ischial tuberosity shorter, farther apart, and more medially projecting in female; whereas in males it’s

A

longer, closer together, and more laterally projecting in male

Slide 18

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38
Q

Slide 20 for some bone deets

A

word

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39
Q

an abnormality of the hip in which the angle between the top of the femur and the femoral shaft is smaller than normal.

A

Coxa vara

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40
Q

an abnormality of the hip in which the angle between the top of the femur and the femoral shaft is larger than normal.

A

Coxa valga

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41
Q

Coxa ___ = less (horizontal neck)

Coxa ___ = more (vertvaraical neck)

A

vara

valga

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42
Q

The angle of ____ varies with age, sex, and development of the femur. It may also change with pathological processes that weaken the neck of the femur, such as rickets.

A

inclination

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43
Q

Slides 19-23 for coxa vara, coxa valga

A

He has the same definition several times… hint, hint

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44
Q

Leg—Osteology?

A

Tibia

Fibula

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45
Q

Slide 25, 26

A

tibia

Fibula

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46
Q 
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (3)
A

Tarsals (7 bones)

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47
Q

7 tarsal bones?

A 
Talus
Calcaneus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms (3)
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48
Q

How many metatarsals?

A

5

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49
Q

How many phalanges?

A

14

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50
Q

Slide 28, 29 for a foot

A

check it

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51
Q

Fractures of the metatarsals can occur when a heavy object falls on the foot, or when a heavy object rolls over the foot.

A

Sciecne

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52
Q

Metatarsal fractures are also common among dancers, especially female ballet dancers, who place the full weight of their body on the tips of their toes. Additional forces result from ballet movements

A

Sports

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53
Q

Slide 31, 32

A

ok

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54
Q

The bones of the foot are arranged in ___ that are held in position by ligaments and tendons

A

two arches

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55
Q

What are the two arches of the foot?

A

Longitudinal arch, which has two parts

Transverse arch

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56
Q

distribute body weight over the soft and hard tissues of the foot
provide leverage while walking
yield as weight is applied because they are not rigid, and spring back when the weight is lifted, thus storing energy for the next step and helping to absorb shocks

A

Functions of the arches

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57
Q

Functions of the arches

A

Distribute weight

Provide leverage

yield weight (energy storage/absorption)

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58
Q

The MEDIAL part of the longitudinal arch originates at the ____, rises to the talus, and descends through the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the heads of the three medial metatarsals

A

calcaneus

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59
Q

The MEDIAL part of the longitudinal arch originates at the calcaneus, rises to the talus, and descends through the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the heads of the ____

A

three medial metatarsals

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60
Q

The LATERAL part of the longitudinal arch also originates at the calcaneus. It rises at the cuboid, and descends to the heads of the _____

A

two lateral metatarsals

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61
Q

The transverse arch is formed by the ___, the three cuneiforms, and the bases of the five metatarsals

A

cuboid

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62
Q

The __ of the foot normally carries about 40% of the weight, and the heel carries about 60%

A

ball

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63
Q

High-heeled shoes changes the normal distribution so that the __ of the foot may carry up to 80%. As a result, the fat pads at the ball of the foot are damaged, structural changes in bones may occur, and joint pain develops

A

ball

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64
Q

Deep to subcutaneous tissue

Connects “skin” to bone

A

FASCIA

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65
Q

Forms compartments

Provides tight fitting sleeve of support for upright posture

A

FASCIA

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66
Q

Fascia lata/Iliotibial band

Crural fascia

Retinacula

A

FASCIA

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67
Q

Deep fascia of the thigh

Superior attachment: inguinal ligament

Defect: saphenous hiatus

A

Fascia Lata

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68
Q

Fascia Lata superior attachment?

A

inguinal ligament

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69
Q

Lateral thickening of the fascia lata attached distally to the lateral tibial condyle

Insertion of gluteus
maximus and tensor fasciae latae muscles

Septa dividing the three compartments arise here

A

Iliotibial tract

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70
Q

Lateral thickening of the fascia lata attached distally to the lateral tibial condyle

A

Iliotibial tract

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71
Q

Insertion of gluteus maximus and tensor fasciae latae muscles

A

Iliotibial tract

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72
Q

Septa dividing the three compartments arise here

A

Iliotibial tract

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73
Q

Deep fascia of the leg

Attachment: anterior and medial borders of the tibia, where it is continuous with its periosteum

A

Crural Fascia

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74
Q

Crural intermuscular septa plus the interosseous membrane divide the leg into three compartments

A

Crural Fascia

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75
Q

Crural fascia thickens to form the ____ near the ankle

A

extensor retinacula

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76
Q

divides into right and left common iliac arteries at about the level of the fourth lumbar vertebra

A

Abdominal aorta

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77
Q

Primarily an artery of the pelvis, it supplies pelvic viscera and perineum

Supplies superior portions of the lower limb via gluteal arteries and obturator artery

A

Internal iliac

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78
Q

‘Femoral’ distal to the inguinal ligament

A

External iliac

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79
Q

‘Femoral’ distal to the ?

A

inguinal ligament

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80
Q

‘Popliteal’ distal to the adductor hiatus

A

External iliac

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81
Q

‘Popliteal’ distal to the ___?

A

adductor hiatus

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82
Q

Anterior tibial artery -> ___?

A

Anterior tibial artery  dorsalis pedis

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83
Q

Posterior tibial artery -> ___?

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries

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84
Q

Slide 45-47?

A

BLOOD

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85
Q

Lower limb has superficial and deep veins

A

Novel concept

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86
Q

In the subcutaneous tissue
Not accompanied by corresponding arteries
Have valves (less dense in arrangement than deep vein valves)

A

Superficial veins

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87
Q

Not accompanied by corresponding arteries

A

Superficial veins

88
Q

Deep to the deep fascia

Accompany all major arteries

Have valves (more dense in arrangement than superficial veins)

A

Deep veins

89
Q

Superficial venous drainage

A

Great and small saphenous

90
Q

Formed by union of the dorsal vein of the great toe and the dorsal venous arch

Ascends anterior to medial malleolus accompanied by the saphenous nerve

A

Great saphenous

91
Q

Passes posterior to the medial condyle of the femur

Anastomoses frequently with the small saphenous vein

Empties into the femoral vein

A

Great saphenous

92
Q

Great saphenous empties into the?

A

femoral vein

93
Q

Formed by union of the dorsal vein of the small toe and the dorsal venous arch. Ascends posterior to lateral malleolus accompanied by sural nerve

Empties into the popliteal vein in the popliteal fossa

A

Small saphenous

94
Q

Slide 50 for visual

A

ok

95
Q

Interconnect superficial and deep veins

A

Perforating veins

96
Q

Contain valves that allow blood to flow only from superficial veins to deep veins

A

Perforating veins

97
Q

Permit diameter of saphenous veins to remain fairly constant even as the veins ascend (normally, veins become larger closer to the heart since they receive more blood on their way to the heart), because blood is shunted from superficial veins to deep veins

A

Perforating veins

98
Q

Permit diameter of saphenous veins to remain fairly constant even as the veins ascend (normally, veins become larger closer to the heart since they receive more blood on their way to the heart), because blood is shunted from ____

(Perforating veins)

A

superficial veins to deep veins

99
Q

Accompany deep arteries of the lower limb

Generally occur as paired frequently interconnecting veins, rather than as a single structure

A

Deep veins

100
Q

Receive blood from superficial veins via perforating veins

Musculovenous pump assists in movement of blood to heart

Have greater density (and more) valves than superficial veins

A

Deep veins

101
Q

Slide 53-55….

A

legs

102
Q

Incompetent venous valves can cause veins to become dilated and tortuous, a condition called varicose veins, or varices

A

Varicose Veins

103
Q

Although the condition may occur in veins in most any part of the body, the great saphenous vein and its tributaries are particularly susceptible

A

Varicose Veins

104
Q

The valves causing the problem are generally valves of the saphenous vein(s), or of the perforating veins.

A

Varicose Veins

105
Q

Veins close to the surface, especially the ____, are highly susceptible to varicosities, whereas deeper veins are not as vulnerable due to the surrounding skeletal muscles

A

saphenous vein

106
Q

Extrinsic muscle of lower extremity?

A

Psoas major

107
Q 
Iliac region (iliacus)
Gluteal region
Thigh compartments (3)
Leg compartments (3)
Dorsum of the foot
Sole of the foot
A

Intrinsic muscles of lower extremity

108
Q

Muscles of the Posterior Abdominal Wall?

A

‘Iliopsoas’

  • Psoas major (and minor)
  • Iliacus
109
Q

‘Iliopsoas’?

A
  • Psoas major (and minor)

- Iliacus

110
Q

Origin: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

A

Psoas major (and minor)

111
Q

Psoas major (and minor) origin and insertion?

A

Origin: transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

112
Q

Action: flexion of hip, flexion of vertebral column
Innervation: lumbar spinal nerves

A

Psoas major (and minor)

113
Q

Psoas major (and minor) action and innervation?

A

Action: flexion of hip, flexion of vertebral column
Innervation: lumbar spinal nerves

114
Q

Origin: iliac fossa, sacrum
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

A

Iliacus

115
Q

Iliacus origin and insertion?

A

Origin: iliac fossa, sacrum
Insertion: lesser trochanter of femur

116
Q

Action: flexion of hip
Innervation: femoral nerve

A

iliacus

117
Q

Iliacus action and innervation?

A

Action: flexion of hip
Innervation: femoral nerve

118
Q

Slide 60

A

Muscles

119
Q

The hip joint is a multiaxial ball-and-socket type of ___joint that provides both stability and a wide range of movement

A

synovial

120
Q

bony structure: femoral head is ball, and the cup-like acetabulum is the socket

ligaments

musculature

A

Stabilizing factors of the hip joint

121
Q

Hip movements on slide 63, 64

A

rad

122
Q

the central part of the acetabulum, it is the non-articular part and occupied by a synovial fatpad

A

Acetabular fossa

123
Q

the true articular surface. It is lined with hyaline cartilage

A

Lunate surface

124
Q

the inferior part of acetabulum. It is bridged by the transverse ligament

A

Acetabular notch

125
Q

fibrocartilage lip that increases the depth of the acetabulum, and grasps the femoral head beyond its equator

A

Acetabular labrum

126
Q

Slide 66 for hip view

A

stuff

127
Q

follows the bony rim of the cup-shaped acetabulum

A

acetabular labrum

128
Q

acetabular labrum composed of?

A

fibrocartilage

129
Q

deepens the acetabular fossa, and helps stabilize the head of the femur in the acetabulum

A

acetabular labrum

130
Q

The acetabular surface is smooth and lined by ____

A

articular cartilage

131
Q

The head of the femur is also covered by articular cartilage on its surface, except?

A

where the ligament of the head of the capsule attaches

132
Q

AKA ligament of head of the femur

A

Ligamentum capitis femoris

133
Q

This ligament extends from the acetabular notch to the fovea of the head of the femur

A

Ligamentum capitis femoris

134
Q

It is weak, and is of little importance in strengthening the hip joint

A

Ligamentum capitis femoris

135
Q

It usually contains a small artery to the head of the femur (obturator artery)

A

Ligamentum capitis femoris

136
Q

The ____ is both strong and loose, permitting free movement of the hip joint

A

fibrous articular capsule

137
Q

Attachments of the articular capsule?

A

Proximal attachment is the edge of acetabulum and transverse acetabular ligament

Distal attachments are to the intertrochanteric line and femoral neck

138
Q

Ligaments of the articular capsule are parts of the capsule that are thicker than others. What are the four?

A

Iliofemoral

Pubofemoral

Ischiofemoral

Ligament of the femoral head

139
Q

prevents hyperextension

one of the strongest

ligaments in the body

Y-shaped

AKA Ligament of Bigelow

A

Iliofemoral ligament

140
Q

(prevents overabduction)

A

Pubofemoral ligament

141
Q

prevents hyperextension

A

Ischiofemoral ligament

142
Q

The ____ loses the greater sciatic foramen.

A

sacrospinous ligament c

143
Q

The ____ attaches the PSIS, PIIS, sacrum and cocyx to the ischial tuberosity. The lesser sciatic notch is converted to the lesser sciatic foramen by the sacrospinous ligament and the sacrotuberous ligaments.

A

sacrotuberous ligament

slide 71

144
Q

Slide 71-71 for

A

ligaments of the pelvis

145
Q

The hip joint is most stable when it is ___ and/or bearing weight.

A

fully extended

146
Q

___ dislocation of the hip joint is reasonably common. Because the hip joint is strong and stable, acquired dislocation is uncommon, however a head-on automobile collision may dislocate the hip.

A

Congenital

147
Q

The ____ separates the buttocks (gluteal prominences)

A

intergluteal (natal) cleft

148
Q

The ____ is formed by the inferior border of the gluteus maximus, and marks the lower limit of the buttock and the upper limit of the thigh

A

gluteal sulcus

149
Q 
Act on the hip joint:
Abduct and adduct the femur
Rotate the femur
External rotation – toes lateral
Internal rotation – toes medial
Flex and extend the femur
A

GLUTEAL MUSCLES

150
Q

Superficial Muscles of the Gluteal region?

A

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus

151
Q

Superior (medius and minimus) and inferior gluteal (maximus) nerves

Extension (maximus -> rising from a seated position) & abduction (medius-minimus)

A

Gluteus maximus, medius, and minimus

152
Q 
Piriformis 
Obturator internus 
Obturator externus 
Superior gemellus 
Inferior gemellus 
Quadratus femoris
A

‘Short’ lateral rotators (deep) of gluteal region

153
Q

Origin: iliac crest and sacrum
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity

A

Gluteus Maximus

154
Q

Action: extends thigh at hip joint, laterally rotates thigh
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

A

Gluteus Maximus

155
Q

Gluteus Maximus OIAI?

A

Origin: iliac crest and sacrum
Insertion: gluteal tuberosity
Action: extends thigh at hip joint, laterally rotates thigh
Innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

156
Q

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

A

Gluteus Medius

157
Q

Action: entire muscle abducts thigh at hip, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate thigh, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate thigh
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

A

Gluteus Medius

158
Q

Gluteus Medius OIAI?

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: entire muscle abducts thigh at hip, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate thigh, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate thigh
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

159
Q

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

A

Gluteus Minimus

160
Q

Action: entire muscle abducts thigh at hip, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate thigh, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate thigh
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

A

Gluteus Minimus

161
Q

Gluteus Minimus OIAI?

A

Origin: ilium
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: entire muscle abducts thigh at hip, anterior fibers flex and medially rotate thigh, posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate thigh
Innervation: superior gluteal nerve

162
Q

Origin: sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

A

Piriformis

163
Q

Action: laterally rotates and abducts thigh at the hip joint
Innervation: piriformis nerve

A

Piriformis

164
Q

Piriformis OIAI?

A

Origin: sacrum
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur
Action: laterally rotates and abducts thigh at the hip joint
Innervation: piriformis nerve

165
Q

Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

A

Superior Gemellus

166
Q

Action: rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the thigh
Innervation: nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus

A

Superior Gemellus

167
Q

Superior Gemellus OIAI?

A

Origin: ischial spine
Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur
Action: rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the thigh
Innervation: nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus

168
Q

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: greater trochanter of the femur

A

Inferior Gemellus

169
Q

Action: rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the thigh
Innervation: nerve to the quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

A

Inferior Gemellus

170
Q

Origin: ischial tuberosity
Insertion: intertrochanteric crest of femur

A

Quadratus Femoris

171
Q

Action: rotates the hip laterally (stabilizes hip joint)
Innervation: nerve to the quadratus femoris and inferior gemellus

A

Quadratus Femoris

172
Q

Origin: inner (posterior) surface of membrane covering obturator foramen
Insertion: greater trochanter of femur

A

Obturator Internus

173
Q

Action: rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct the thigh
Innervation: nerve to the obturator internus and superior gemellus

A

Obturator Internus

174
Q

Origin: outer (anterior) surface of membrane covering obturator foramen
Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur

A

Obturator Externus

175
Q

Action: rotates the thigh laterally; also helps abduct thigh
Innervation: obturator nerve

A

Obturator Externus

176
Q

Slide 88-90 for muscles of hip and thigh

A

rad

177
Q

deep artery of the thigh = deep peroneal artery

A

Deep femoral artery

178
Q

Supplies portions of anterior compartment of thigh

_____ branch supplies head and neck of femur

(Deep femoral artery)

A

Medial circumflex femoral

179
Q

______ branch in turn has branches: ascending branch that supplies part of gluteal region, a transverse branch that supplies part of the femur, and a descending branch that descends to knee and joins genicular anastomoses

(deep femoral artery)

A

Lateral circumflex femoral

180
Q

Supplies head of femur
branch of obturator artery within the ligament of head of femur

Supplies muscles of medial compartment of thigh (adductors of thigh and gracilis)

A

Obturator artery, a branch of the internal iliac

181
Q

supplies piriformis, all 3 gluteal muscles, and tensor fasciae latae

A

Superior gluteal artery

182
Q

supplies piriformis, quadratus femoris, and gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal artery

183
Q

Slide 93 for gluteal arteries

A

aight

184
Q

Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
Skin of inferior abdomen and buttock

(portion of lumbar plexus)

A

Iliohypogastric portion of lumbar plexus

185
Q

Muscles of the anterolateral abdominal wall
Skin of superior medial aspect of thigh

(portion of lumbar plexus)

A

Ilioinguinal

186
Q

Cremaster muscle

Skin over middle anterior surface of thigh, scrotum in male, labia majora in female

A

Genitofemoral

187
Q

The ___ muscle is a muscle that is developed to its fullest extent only in males

A

cremaster

188
Q

Its function is to raise and lower the ___ in order to regulate the temperature of the testis and promote spermatogenesis.

A

scrotum

189
Q

Skin over lateral, anterior, and posterior aspects of thigh

lumbar plexus

A

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

190
Q

Flexor muscles of thigh
Extensor muscles of leg
Skin over anterior and medial aspect of thigh, and medial side of leg and foot

A

femoral plexus

191
Q

Adductor muscles of leg
Skin over medial aspect of thigh

(portion of lumbar plexus)

A

Obturator

192
Q

OBTURATOR nerve supplies the ___group (in general)

A

adductor

193
Q

Adductor group of muscles in the medial (adductor) compartment of the thigh: adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, and what two other muscles?

A

pectineus, gracilis

194
Q 
Sciatic nerve 
Superior gluteal nerve 
Inferior gluteal nerve 
Pudendal nerve: supplies the perineum
(branches of?)
A

Sacral plexus

195
Q

Gluteus minimus, gluteus medius, and tensor fasciae latae muscles

A

Superior gluteal

196
Q

A characteristic motor loss resulting in weakened abduction of the thigh by the gluteus medius
A disabling gluteus medius limp
A gluteal gait, which is a compensatory list of the body to the weakened gluteal side

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve Injury

197
Q

When the ____ are inactive due to superior gluteal nerve injury, their supporting and steadying action is lost. The pelvis falls on the side of the raised limb.

A

gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Slide 104-106

When weight is on both feet, the pelvis is evenly supported, and does not sag.When the weight is borne by one foot, the muscles on the same side normally hold the pelvis so it will not sag

198
Q

Gluteus maximus muscle

A

Inferior gluteal plexus

199
Q

Nerve to piriformis goes to …

A

piriformis

200
Q

Tibial

Common fibular (common peroneal)

A

Sciatic

Good sciatic visual on slide 110

201
Q

Gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus, popliteus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and medial/lateral plantar` nerve of foot all receive innervation from?

A

Tibial nerve, from the sciatic

202
Q

Abductor hallucis, flexor digitorum brevis, flexor hallucis muscles (and first lumbrical)
Skin over medial two-thirds of plantar surface of foot innervated by?

A

Medial planter nerve (from tibial)

203
Q

Remaining plantar muscles of foot

Skin over lateral one-third of plantar surface of foot innervated by?

A

Lateral plantar (from tibial)

204
Q

Superficial fibular

Deep fibular receive from?

A

Common fibular… via scaitic

205
Q

Fibularis longus, fibularis brevis muscles

Skin over distal third of anterior aspect of leg, and dorsum of foot innervared by?

A

Superficial fibular

from common fibular

206
Q

Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis muscles
Skin on adjacent sides of great and second toes innervated by?

A

deep fibular (from common fibular)

207
Q

The sciatic nerve exits the pelvic cavity through the greater sciatic foramen below the ___

A

piriformis

slide 115

208
Q

causes compression and irritation of the sciatic nerve in the buttock, and is a cause of buttock pain and sciatica outside the spine.

A

Piriformis Syndrome

209
Q

In about 10% of the population, the sciatic nerve passes through ___ instead of under it as normal. Conditions which cause the muscle to become short and contracted increase the nerve compression. Not all cases are due to the nerve passing through the muscle.

A

piriformis

210
Q

buttock pain is common as well as sciatic symptoms in the leg. In some people the whole sciatic nerve passes through the muscle at one place, and in others the sciatic nerve is in two parts, with each part passing through at a different level.

A

Piriformis syndrome symptoms

211
Q

(piriformis syndrome)The sciatic component of the pain in the leg can be in the dermatome of any of the nerves that comprise the sciatic nerve i.e.?

A

L4, L5, S1, and S2.

212
Q

Piriformis treatment?

A

releasing the contracted piriformis muscle with the combination of exercises, acupuncture, and trigger point injections may be useful. Surgery may occasionally be necessary wherein the tendon is released from its attachment to the superior part of the greater trochanter of the femur.

213
Q

The gluteal region is a common site for ___ because the muscles are thick and large, providing for good absorption

A

intramuscular injections

214
Q

The concept that injections should be given in the “cheek” of the buttock is dangerous because the ___ lies deep to this area

A

sciatic nerve

215
Q

Injections into the buttock should always be made superior to a line extending from the posterior superior iliac spine to the superior border of the ___

A

greater trochanter

A&P1 B6 (3 decks)

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