Second Semester Final Flashcards
The Food Administration
Taught Americans to plant victory gardens and to use left overs wisely
The most important of all the mobilization agencies was the
War Industries Board
Despite the fact that the Great War generated many changes in female employment, these changes were
Limited and brief
What was the major cause of the St. Louis riot in 1917
Racial tension over employment in a defense factory sparked the riot
For violating the Espionage Act, Socialist leader Eugene V. Debs
received a ten- year prison term
The French Premier during World War I was
Georges Clemencaeau
The U.S. Military effort in France
Helped turn back several German offenses
The turning point in France came at the Second battle of
The Marne
As a result of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia
Lenin concluded a separate peace with Germany
In the midterm election of 1918
The Democrats lost control of both houses of Congress
In negotiating with the Big Four over many post war territorial issues, President Wilson
Had to comprise his principle self determination
Why did Wilson travel around the country giving speeches in 1919
He wanted to drum up support for his version f the war treaty
The Spanish Flu epidemic
Killed nearly seven times the number of Americans as dies of combat in France
The most celebrated postwar labor confrontation
Boston Police strike of 1919
The Red Scare of 1919-1920 reflected the
Impact of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia and the actions of militants in the United States
Part if the reason for the Sock Market crash was
The buying of great amounts of stock on margin
How many people were out of work in early 1933
13 million
Herbert Hoover while attempting to shore up the economy through economic policy, considered _______ to be the thing americans needed most at the time
Confidence
In the election of 1930
Democrats won a majority in the House of Representatives
The Bonus Expeditionary Force
Marched on Washington in an attempt to get immediate payment of a veterans bonus the Congress had voted in 1924
In response to the Bonus Army marchers, Herbert Hoover
Sent the U.S. Army to evict them from their Hooverville
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Was permanently disable after contracting polio
Whose campaign song was “Happy Days are Here Again”
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Just before his election to the presidency in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was
Governor of New York
FDR says that “ the only thing we have to fear is
Fear itself
At the outset of his presidency, to deal with the banking crisis, Roosevelt
Declared a bank holiday, shutting the baks down briefly
The main purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps was to
Provide work relief for young men
All of the following are true of the National Youth administration
- provided part time employment to students
- it was part of the WPA
- It se up technical training programs
- It provided nixon with a job
The goal of the Agriculture Adjustment act of 1933 was to raise farm income mainly through
Cutbacks in production
To earn the federal payments for reducing crops
Farmers often starved because they were not allowed to grow even small vegetable gardens
What organization sought to set workplace standards such as child labor restrictions
NRA
The fair practices codes of the NRA did all of the following
-Prohibit child labor
-establish minimum wages of $13 per week
-set a forty-hour work week
Establish minimum wage of $12 per week in the south
Because the Tennessee Valley Authority, the Tennessee River became
The “Great Lakes of the South”
The dust bowl can be associated with
The blowing away of millions of acres of topsoil
The literary work that best captured the ordeal of the depression was “The Grapes of Wrath” by
John Steinbeck
Eleanor Roosevelt
Was especially supportive of women, blacks, and organized labor
Huey Long
Developed a program called Share the Wealth
Charles E Coughlin
Was the “radio priest”
He was the California doctor who called for old age pension from the government
Francis Townsend
In the case of Schechter Poultry Corporation v. The US, the supreme court
Overturned the National Industrial Recovery Act
The National Labor Relations Act
Was often called the Wagner Act
What is true about social security
It was based on a progressive tax that took a larger percentage of higher incomes.
The Revenue Act of 1935 (sometimes called the Wealth-Tax Act)
Raised taxes on incomes above $50,000
In the presidential election of 1936
Republicans hoped that third party candidates might split the Democratic vote and throw the election
What is true about the 1936 Presidential election
FDR defeated Alfred M. London in a landslide
In early 1937 FDR proposed to reform the Supreme Court by
Adding up to six additional members
Roosevelt’s court- packing scheme became unnecessary when
The supreme court began reversing previous judgements and upholding the New Deal
The 1937 economic slump was caused in part by
A sharp decrease in government spending
The farm Security Administration
Offered loans to marginal farmers (so they could avoid falling into tenancy)
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938
Set a minimum wage of forty cents an hour
In the elections of 1938
Roosevelt’s attempt to “purge” the Democratic Party were largely unsuccessful
During the 1931-1932, Japan invaded and conquered what territory in East Asia
Manchuria
What did the governments of Italy and Germany have in common by the 1930’s
Both had established fascist forms of governments
The Marco Polo Bridge Incident brought Japan to war against what country
China
During the Spanish Civil War
Hitler and Mussolini helped the armed uprising led by Francisco Franco
The invasion of. What country provoked England and France to declare war on Germany
Poland
The Neutrality act of 1935
Forbade the sale of arms and munitions to warring nations
The 1939 Neutrality Act’s “cash and carry” provision
Permitted the US to sell arms to Britain and France if the paid up front and carried their purchases on their own ships
All are true about the German blitzkrieg of spring 1940
- it followed the long lull in the European fighting after the invasion of Poland
- Germany defeated France in just over two months
- it involved German attacks on France, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, and the Netherlands
- German troops cut off British troops and prevented them from providing assistance
In the battle of Britain during 1940
The British turned back a massive German air attack and forced Germany to postpone its invasion plans
In the late summer of 1940, President Roosevelt agreed to send fifty “overaged” destroyers to Britain in return for
Ninety-nine year leases on a series of British naval and air bases in the Western Hemisphere
What statements can be made about the 1940 presidential election
FDR won his third term as president
The passage of the lend-lease bill in 1941 signaled what about American opinion
Isolationist strength was weakening
What is true about the European War between June 1940 and June 1941
The Nazi juggernaut appeared unstoppable
Italy’s offensives launched in 1940 against Greece and British forces in Egypt
Required german assistance to succeed
In June 1941 Germany widened the war by
Invading the soviet union
The Atlantic Charter
Was a joint British American Statement of anti Axis was aims
In November 1941
Congress removed the ban on arming merchant ships
What significant objective motivated Japanese expansion during 1940-1941
This expansion provided access to vital strategic material
During the summer of 1941, the US attempted to restrain Japanese expansion by
Restricting oil exports to Japan and freezing Japanese assets in the US
as US-Japanese tensions heightened in the summer and autumn of 1941, the US insisted it would reopen trade with Japan only after that country
Withdrew from French Indochina and China
From late 1941 into early 1942, during WWII in the Pacific
There was a succession of Japanese victories that saw numerous Allied outpost fall
Following the declaration of war
Men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five were drafted
A significant economic problem during the war was
Find enough workers for the essential war time industries
The Office of Price Administration
Set price ceilings on highly demanded items like tires, sugar, ad gasoline
During the war, domestic politics was marked by
A growing conservation
What statement best describes the Native American experience in the armed forces during WWII
Indian servicemen were integrated into regular units
War relocation camps
Housed more than 100,000 Japanese Americans during the war
When Roosevelt and Churchill met to draft a joint war plan in early 1942, they agreed
That something needed to be done to relieve the pressure along the Russian front
British and American differences over where to attack Germany forst was resolved with the decision to launch an offensive where
In North Africa
At the Casablanca Conference, Roosevelt and Churchill agreed to what
- demand for the “unconditional surrender” of their enemies
- the stepped-up bombing of Germany
- an assault on Sicily and Italy
- increased shipments of military supplies to the Soviet Union
What best describes the Allied invasion against Sicily in July 1943
Sicily fell quickly after the Allied surprise landing
How did Germany respond to Italy’s decision to switch sides in September 1943
Germany slowed the Allied advance by pouring its own reinforcements into Italy
D-Day refers to the
Allied invasion at Normandy
the main purpose of the 1943 meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin at Tehran was
To plan the invasion of France and the Russian offensive across eastern Europe
All the following Pacific engagements helped turn the tide of the war against Japan in 1943 and 1944
- Battle of Leyte Gulf
- Battle of the Philippine Sea
- Battle of the Bismarck Sea
- securing of New Guinea and the Marianas
What was the most significant consequence of the Battle of Leyte Gulf
The Japanese lost their remaining sea power and ability to defend the Philippines
In the presidential election of 1944
Franklin Roosevelt won a fourth term as president
At the Battle of the Bulge
Germany’s advances against the allies ultimately stalled and was reversed
At the Yalta Conference of 1945 the Allies did what
- Call for a conference to create a new world security organization
- agree to Soviet territorial demands in eastern Europe
- make arrangements for the postwar governance of Germany
- reaffirm, the principle of the Atlantic charter
Less that a month before the surrender of Germany
President Roosevelt died in office
Following the defeat of Germany
Came the shocking realization of the full extent of the Holocaust
The American assault on Okinawa
Was a success but with the tremendous loss of life for both the US and Japan
The Potsdam Declaration
Demanded that Japan surrender or face “prompt and utter destruction”
What significance did the use of the Atomic bombs against Japan have
They allowed the Americans to avoid an amphibious invasion of Japan
The country that suffered the most deaths in the fighting of WWII was
The Soviet Union
Richard Nixon
Had a reputation for hard- line anti- communism and rough campaign tactics
In the 1960 presidential race, JFK
Promised to pursue a “new frontier”
President Kennedy’s cabinet was dominated by
men with new ideas and good minds
Kennedy’s legislative program
Was largely blocked by conservations in Congress
In its controversial Miranda v Arizona decision, the Warren Court
Requires that an accused person be informed of certain basic rights
Violence Erupted in 1962 when James Meredith attempted to integrate
The University of Mississippi
In his letter from Birmingham City Jail, MLK
Declared his willingness to break unjust law
The person most persuasive in getting President JFK to endorse civil right would have been
His brother Robert
The Bay of Pigs invasion
Was thoroughly bungled by the CIA
The major purpose of the Soviet missiles place in Cuba was to
Deter another American- supported invasion of Cuba
The Cuban missile crisis
Brought the US and the Soviet Union close to nuclear war
In south Vietnam in the early 1960’s
Kennedy was increasing the number of American military advisers
The strongest and most visible opposition to Diem’s government was led by
Buddhists
What was true about JFK’s assassination
- the primary suspect was Lee Harvey Oswald
- Jack Ruby shot and killed the suspected assassin
- it occurred in Dallas on November 22, 1963
- many of the related events were watched on TV
The civil rights act of 1964
Outlawed segregation in public facilities
President Johnson labeled his overall program of domestic reform the
Great Society
Beginnin with Watt’s, the major race riots of 1965 and 1966
Occurred largely outside the South
By 1966, black leaders like Stokely Carmichael and H Rap Brown were proponents of what the termed
Black power
The Tonkin Gulf resolution
Allowed Johnson to escalate the war
The Tet offensive of early 1968
Dramatically affected pubic support for Johnson’s war policy
On April 4, 1968, James Earl Ray shot and killed
MLK
In regard to Vietnam policy, Nixon
Insisted that he would pursue “peace with honor”
In April 1970, Nixon extended the war when he sent troops into
Cambodia
Shocking events at Kent State University involved
The killing of four students by the National Guard
The Pentagon Papers
Revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy
The Vietnam settlement signed on January 27, 1973
Left 150,000 Communist troops in South Vietnam
As the 1972 election approached, the biggest threat to Nixon’s reelection seemed to be
George Wallace’s potential to drain away conservative votes from the Republicans
The burglars arrested at the Watergate apartment complex
Had connections to the Nixon reelection campaign
essential to breaking the Watergate case was the testimony before the Ervin committee of White House legal counsel
John Dean
Nixon’s Watergate- related resignation came with the revelation that he had
Ordered a cover- up of the original Watergate break- in
Gerald Ford suffered terrible political damage when he
Pardoned Nixon
