Second Quarter > BIOLOGY

Question 1

What is the outermost layer of a bacterial cell that provides protection and shape?

Answer 1

Cell wall

Question 2

Which part of the bacterial cell is responsible for genetic information storage?

Answer 2

Nucleoid

Question 3

The cell wall of bacteria is mainly composed of:

Answer 3

Peptidoglycan

Question 4

What is the function of the flagella in bacteria?

Answer 4

Movement

Question 5

Which structure allows bacteria to exchange genetic material with other bacteria?

Answer 5

Pili

Question 6

The plasma membrane of bacteria is involved in:

Answer 6

Selective permeability
> the ability of the cell membrane to control the flow of substances in and out of the cell. It helps maintain a cell’s internal environment and to regulate its internal conditions, such as osmotic pressure, pH, and ion concentration.

Question 7

What is the role of the ribosomes in bacteria?

Answer 7

Protein synthesis

Question 8

Bacterial endospores are formed under:
A. Favorable growth conditions
B. Unfavorable growth conditions
C. During cell division
D. When nutrients are abundant

Answer 8

Unfavorable growth conditions
> Bacterial spore is a resistant structure to unfavorable environmental conditions. Each cell produces only one spore and each spore, in turn, germinate into one vegetative cell. The spore is just a part of the life cycle of spore forming bacteria under unfavorable conditions.

Question 9

The capsule of bacteria helps in:

Answer 9

Avoiding phagocytosis by host immune cells > The bacterial capsule is a structure that lies outside the cell wall and usually consists of polysaccharides. It is a virulent factor because it enhances the ability of bacteria to cause a disease by preventing phagocytosis.

Question 10

Which part of the bacterial cell is involved in the synthesis of cell wall components?

Answer 10

Mesosome
> are membranous structures in bacteria that were once thought to be similar to bacterial mitochondria.

Question 11

What is the function of the plasmid in bacteria?

Answer 11

Carries non-essential genes
> confer bacteria with characteristics that help them adapt to different environmental conditions

Question 12

The nucleoid region of bacteria contains?

Answer 12

Circular DNA
> The nucleoid region is a membrane-less region in the prokaryotic cell where most, if not all, of the DNA in the cell is located. The nucleoid is located directly in the cytoplasm, allowing the DNA to be n contact with the cell membrane. The DNA in prokaryotes is circular and is referred to as a plasmid.

Question 13

Bacterial flagella is composed of:

Answer 13

Proteins

Question 14

Which structure is responsible for the attachment of bacteria to host cells or surfaces?

Answer 14

Pili

Question 15

The periplasmic space in bacteria is located:

Answer 15

Between the cell membrane and the cell wall

Question 16

What is the function of the mesosome in bacteria?

Answer 16

DNA replications, Cell division, and Respiration

Question 17

Bacterial inclusion bodies are used for:

Answer 17

Storing nutrients

Question 18

Which part of the bacterial cell is involved in the secretion of proteins?

Answer 18

Cell membrane

Question 19

The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria is thicker than that of Gram-negative bacteria due to the presence of:

Answer 19

More peptidoglycan

Question 20

Which structure is responsible for the formation of biofilms in bacteria?

Answer 20

Pili

Question 21

What is the function of the bacterial cytoskeleton?

Answer 21

Maintaining cell shape, Cell division, and Intracellular transport

Question 22

Which part of the bacterial cell is involved in the synthesis of lipids?

Answer 22

Cell membrane

Question 23

The capsule of bacteria is usually composed of:

Answer 23

Polysaccharides

Question 24

What is the function of the bacterial cell wall in preventing osmotic lysis?

Answer 24

It provides a rigid structure that resists the internal pressure.