Second Meeting PPT Flashcards
basis for the structural attributes of the photographic appearance of a particular rock type
climate, amount of relief
one of the first and most important criteria to follow for lithology identification
determining the climatic environment and associating type of erosional environment
T or F: We need to study lineaments to determine whether it represents a fault, dyke, or joint
True
Are massive, isotropic, homogenous, and has cross-cutting relations with country rocks. Has different shapes and dimensions (e.g. batholiths, laccoliths, dykes, sills, etc.)
Intrusive igneous rocks
intrusive igneous rocks forms hummocky or rounded dome-like topography in which climatic region
humid region
name an example of a criss-cross relationship by forming a
narrow ridge
quartz reef
drainage patterns of intrusive igneous rocks
rectilinear or dendritic drainage
tone of basic intrusives and extrusives
dark to black
Associated volcanic landforms, lavaflows, cones, craters, plug, volcanic necks, flat topped plateaus, etc., with successive flow structure
extrusive igneous rocks
extrusive igneous rocks show lobate patterns of vegetation and topography, which is ________ in arid regions, and ________ in humid.
sparse; luxuriant
drainage patterns of extrusive igneous rocks
dendritic or radial drainage
tone of acidic intrusives and extrusives
light and uniform tone
extrusive igneous rocks has what rate of erosion?
active rate
rocks that are difficult to identify in aerial photographs due to its small-scale distinguishing characteristics
metamorphic rocks
structural trends in metamorphic rocks
foliations
Parallel alignments of ridges may reflect regional cleavage, foliation, or fold axis, and may suggest:
metamorphic rocks
The most prominent feature of sedimentary rocks
bedding
due to differential erosion of sedimentary rocks, beds appear as ________________ on aerial photographs.
banded patterns
this can also be used to recognize and mark the beds in absence of topographic expressions
topographic tone (banding due to vegetation or soil
differences)
Bedding may be most prominent in which stage of the geomorphic cycle
mature stage
remotely-sensed imagery are taken by these two types of scanners, namely:
across-track scanner (whiskbroom) and along-track scanner (pushbroom)
scanner which uses rotating or oscillating mirror; scans the terrain along scan lines that are at right angles to the flight line
across-track (whiskbroom)
across-track data are collected within an arc below the aircraft typically of
90° to 120°
incoming energy in whiskbroom scanner is separated into
several spectral components that are sensed
independently
what the scanner sees
Instantaneous Field of View (IFOV)
residence time of measurement
dwell time
relationship between signal coming from the target to extraneous/background electronic noise
signal to noise ratio
ground resolution element or ground resolution (D)
spatial resolution
the ability to discriminate very slight energy differences
radiometric resolution
ability to discriminate fine spectral differences
spectral resolution
T or F: ground distance between adjacent sampling points in a digital scanner image need not necessarily exactly equal the dimensions of IFOV projected onto ground
True
ground distance between 2 lines that can be distinguished in a photograph
ground resolution distance
this scanner records multispectral image data along a swath beneath an aircraft; has no scanning mirror, linear array of detectors is used
along-track scanner (pushbroom)
size of the ground resolution cell is determined by the __________of a single detector projected onto the ground
IFOV
advantages of along-track scanner (pushbroom)
- longer dwell time
- robust geometric integrity
- smaller in size and weight
- higher reliability and longer life
expectancy
disadvantages of along-track scanner (pushbroom)
- needs more calibrations
- limited spectral sensitivity of
commercial detectors
used in land cover, vegetation, surface mineralogy, and surface water mapping, where measurements are made for different ranges of the EM spectrum
multispectral images
when was the first Landsat satellite launched
1972
NOAA-17
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
oldest civic Earth observation program
Landsat-7
first program that released processed data
Terra ASTER
used by French, Swedish, and Belgian governments
SPOT-5
